Table 3.
The establishment and application of PDX models in EC
| Reference | Sample source | Tissue type | Sample number | Success rate of transplantation | Evaluation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [32] | EAC | Surgical resections | 54 | 18/54 (33.3%) | H&E, short tandem repeat analysis |
| [33] | EAC/ESCC | Surgical resections, endoscopic biopsies and needle biopsies | 61 | 17/61 (27.9%) | H&E, immunohistochemistry |
| [34] | ESCC | Surgical resections | 110 | 61/110 (55.5%) | Immunohistochemistry, gene copy number and mutation analysis |
| [35] | EC/GEJ cancer | Surgical resections | 55 | 21/55 (38.2%) | Immunohistochemistry |
| [36] | ESCC | Endoscopic biopsies | 188 | 25/188 (13.3%) | Immunohistochemistry, DNA sequencing, therapy response evaluation |
| [37] | ESCC | Surgical resections | 96 | 37/96 (38.5%) | Immunohistochemistry |
| [38] | ESCC | NA | 3 | NA | NA |
| [39] | ESCC | NA | 2 | NA | Proteomics analysis |
[i]ESCC: oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma; EAC: oesophageal adenocarcinoma cancer; EC: oesophageal cancer; GEJ: gastroesophageal junction; H&E: haematoxylin-eosin staining; NA: not available