Table 1.
Descriptive comparison of detected heat evoked BOLD fMRI activation due to heat, with and without FUS suppression of thalamic nuclei (VPL). The letters in blue font represent the brain regions that responded to heat under both stimulation conditions. The letter “n” denotes brain regions that exhibited non-significant signal changes in both hemispheres and ‘−’ refers to unilateral activation. Areas displayed in red font (outline in lines 25–28) refer to additional activations detected when FUS was delivered; these were not part of the heat network (outlined in lines 1–24). The mean p-value, derived from multivariate GLM analysis of the voxels within each ROI in each hemisphere (L: left; R: right), highlighted significant responses to stimuli (with t values > 2, post-correction). These p values are presented side by side as the stimulus was presented to the left hand.
| Sl | ROIs | Heat vs. rest (p Value) | Heat + FUS vs. rest (p Value) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| L | R | L | R | ||
| 1 | Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) | 0.0470 | 0.0309 | 0.0382 | – |
| 2 | Midcingulate cortex (MCC) | – | 0.0324 | n | n |
| 3 | Area8A periarcuate (Ar8A) | 0.0317 | – | n | n |
| 4 | Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DPC) | 0.0412 | – | – | 0.0268 |
| 5 | Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) | 0.0344 | – | n | n |
| 6 | M1/PM lateral motor cortex (LMC) | 0.0326 | 0.0401 | 0.0339 | 0.0362 |
| 7 | Pre-medial supplementary motor areas (preSMA) | 0.0411 | 0.0321 | n | n |
| 8 | Primary somatosensory cortex (SI) | 0.0309 | 0.0266 | – | 0.0391 |
| 9 | Secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) | 0.0224 | 0.0260 | n | n |
| 10 | Area5 (Ar5) | 0.0285 | 0.0433 | 0.0374 | 0.0325 |
| 11 | Ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL) | 0.0274 | 0.0364 | 0.0321 | 0.0293 |
| 12 | Ventromedial intraparietal sulcus (vmIPS) | 0.0286 | – | n | n |
| 13 | Medial superior temporal area (MST) | 0.0279 | – | 0.0334 | 0.0439 |
| 14 | Area7 in the inferior parietal lobule (Ar7) | 0.0308 | – | 0.0312 | 0.0398 |
| 15 | Area7m on the medial wall (Ar7m) | – | 0.0291 | n | n |
| 16 | Posterior cingulate gyrus (PCgG) | 0.0319 | 0.0301 | 0.0362 | 0.0396 |
| 17 | TG temporal pole (TP) | – | 0.0362 | n | n |
| 18 | TEO area TEO (TEO) | 0.0158 | – | n | n |
| 19 | Fundus of the superior temporal sulcus (STSf) | 0.0291 | – | 0.0380 | – |
| 20 | Rostral superior temporal region (STGr) | 0.0317 | 0.0364 | 0.0363 | 0.0359 |
| 21 | Belt areas of auditory cortex (BAAC) | 0.0302 | – | 0.0089 | – |
| 22 | Core areas of auditory cortex (cAAC) | 0.0350 | – | 0.0396 | 0.0368 |
| 23 | Floor of lateral sulcus (FSL, Insula + paraInsula) | 0.0377 | 0.0284 | 0.0290 | – |
| 24 | V2–V3 preoccipital visual areas 2–3 (V2–3) | 0.0326 | – | – | 0.0472 |
| 25 | Caudal orbital frontal cortex (COFC) | – | 0.0383 | ||
| 26 | Lateral intraparietal sulcus (lIPS) | – | 0.0457 | ||
| 27 | Caudal superior temporal gyrus (STGc) | 0.0319 | 0.0416 | ||
| 28 | Middle temporal area (MT) | – | 0.0404 | ||