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. 2023 Sep 18;134(657):436–456. doi: 10.1093/ej/uead075

Table 3.

Management and Compliance with Infection Prevention and Control Practices.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Sample Full Full Full Full Control group
Dependent variable IPC compliance IPC compliance IPC compliance IPC compliance IPC compliance
Panel A: facility management survey
Management score 0.089** 0.113*** 0.106*** 0.062** 0.088**
(0.038) (0.037) (0.038) (0.031) (0.038)
General controls No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Patient controls No No Yes Yes Yes
Indication fixed effects No No No Yes Yes
Facilities 220 220 220 220 220
Observations 29,608 29,608 29,608 29,608 15,242
R 2 0.001 0.006 0.008 0.640 0.644
Bias-adjusted coefficient − − − 0.047 0.070
Panel B: SafeCare assessment
Management score 0.060 0.144*** 0.137*** 0.077** 0.071
(0.042) (0.050) (0.050) (0.037) (0.054)
General controls No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Patient controls No No Yes Yes Yes
Indication fixed effects No No No Yes Yes
Facilities 212 212 212 212 108
Observations 29,054 29,054 29,054 29,054 14,773
R 2 0.000 0.006 0.008 0.643 0.651
Bias-adjusted coefficient − − − 0.088 0.041

Notes: The table reports OLS coefficients with SEs in parentheses, clustered at the facility level. The dependent variable is compliance with infection prevention and control practices in all regressions. Observations are at the level of IPC indication. In panel A, the management score from the facility survey is the unweighted average of the score on each of the 13 management questions. In panel B, the management score from the SafeCare assessment is the unweighted average of the score on each of the 55 management-related items that were pre-specified prior to data collection. The full sample is used in all regressions, with the exception of column (5) in which the sample is limited to facilities assigned to the control arm of the SafeCare field experiment. General controls capture characteristics: facility type, region, profit status, urban location and SafeCare trial arm. Patient controls are age and gender of the patient observed. Indication fixed effects are a dummy variable for each IPC indication. The bias-adjusted coefficient is the value of β produced when Inline graphic and Inline graphic. *** significant at 1%, ** at 5%.