Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants at baseline
| Characteristic | All | Concurrent exercise | Sequential exercise | Continuous exercise | Usual care |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 158) | (n = 40) | (n =40) | (n = 39) | (n = 39) | |
| Study site—no. (%) | |||||
| DUMC | 14 (9) | 4 (10) | 4 (10) | 3 (8) | 3 (8) |
| MSK | 144 (91) | 36 (90) | 36 (90) | 36 (92) | 36 (92) |
| Age (yrs)—mean (SD) | 47 (11) | 50 (11) | 46 (10) | 48 (12) | 45 (10) |
| BMI (kg/m2)—mean (SD) | 27 (6) | 27 (6) | 27 (5) | 28 (6) | 27 (7) |
| Smoking status—no. (%) | |||||
| Never | 99 (63) | 24 (60) | 25 (62) | 26 (67) | 24 (62) |
| Former | 41 (26) | 10 (25) | 11 (28) | 9 (23) | 11 (28) |
| Current | 4 (2.5) | 2 (5.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.6) |
| Unknown | 14 (8.9) | 4 (10) | 4 (10) | 3 (7.7) | 3 (7.7) |
| Exercise behavior (minutes/week)a—median (range) | 0 [0, 150] | 0 [0, 140] | 0 [0, 150] | 0 [0, 135] | 0 [0, 135] |
| VO2peak, ml O2.kg−1.min−1—mean (SD) | 24.9 (5.1) | 25.2 (6.1) | 25.2 (4.7) | 23.9 (4.7) | 25.4 (4.8) |
| Resting left ventricular ejection fraction, %—mean (SD) | 63.3 (2.7) | 63.5 (2.1) | 63.2 (3.3) | 63.0 (3.0) | 63.3 (2.2) |
| Unknown—no. (%) | 11 (7) | 4 (10) | 1 (3) | 2 (5) | 4 (10) |
| Resting heart rate, beats.min−1—mean (SD) | 79 (11) | 77 (10) | 78 (9) | 81 (13) | 80 (10) |
| Resting systolic blood pressure, mmHg—mean (SD) | 115 (14) | 116 (13) | 115 (13) | 114 (14) | 115 (15) |
| Resting diastolic blood pressure, mmHg—mean (SD) | 70 (9) | 71 (10) | 70 (9) | 71 (8) | 69 (10) |
| Peak heart rate, beats.min−1—mean (SD) | 173 (15) | 171 (14) | 172 (14) | 173 (16) | 177 (14) |
| Peak systolic blood pressure, mmHg—mean (SD) | 172 (18) | 176 (16) | 172 (19) | 174 (19) | 167 (18) |
| Unknown—no. (%) | 22 (14) | 8 (20) | 6 (15) | 3 (8) | 5 (13) |
| Peak diastolic blood pressure, mmHg—mean (SD) | 65 (9) | 64 (8) | 64 (8) | 67 (12) | 64 (10) |
| Unknown—no. (%) | 22 (14) | 8 (20) | 6 (15) | 3 (8) | 5 (13) |
| Race and ethnicity—no. (%) b | |||||
| Asian | 16 (10) | 6 (15) | 3 (8) | 2 (5) | 5 (13) |
| Hispanic | 23 (15) | 2 (5) | 8 (20) | 4 (10) | 9 (23) |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 27 (17) | 8 (20) | 6 (15) | 8 (21) | 5 (13) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 78 (49) | 21 (52) | 21 (52) | 20 (51) | 16 (41) |
| Other | 5 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | 3 (8) |
| Unknown | 9 (6) | 3 (8) | 1 (3) | 4 (10) | 1 (3) |
| Disease stage—no. (%) | |||||
| IA | 51 (32) | 10 (25) | 13 (32) | 16 (41) | 12 (31) |
| IB | 5 (3) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | 2 (5) | 1 (3) |
| IIA | 40 (25) | 13 (32) | 14 (35) | 6 (15) | 7 (18) |
| IIB | 40 (25) | 10 (25) | 6 (15) | 13 (33) | 11 (28) |
| IIIA | 16 (10) | 3 (8) | 6 (15) | 2 (5) | 5 (13) |
| IIIB | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (5) |
| IIIC | 4 (3) | 3 (8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) |
| Clinical subtype—no. (%) | |||||
| ER+/PR+ | 92 (58) | 19 (48) | 27 (68) | 19 (49) | 27 (69) |
| HER2+ | 18 (11) | 6 (15) | 4 (10) | 5 (13) | 3 (8) |
| ER−/PR−/HER2− | 33 (21) | 11 (28) | 6 (15) | 9 (23) | 7 (18) |
| Other | 15 (10) | 4 (10) | 3 (8) | 6 (15) | 2 (5) |
| Surgery—no. (%) | |||||
| Lumpectomy | 83 (53) | 21 (52) | 21 (52) | 19 (49) | 22 (56) |
| Mastectomy | 73 (46) | 18 (45) | 19 (48) | 20 (51) | 16 (41) |
| Other | 2 (1) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) |
| Chemotherapy—no. (%) | |||||
| Dose-dense | 129 (82) | 35 (88) | 31 (78) | 30 (77) | 33 (85) |
| Neoadjuvant | 49 (31) | 16 (40) | 12 (30) | 8 (21) | 13 (33) |
| Anthracycline-containing | 110 (70) | 30 (75) | 28 (70) | 24 (62) | 28 (72) |
| Anthracycline and Capecitabine | 8 (5) | 4 (10) | 1 (3) | 2 (5) | 1 (3) |
| Antibody therapy—no. (%) | 38 (24) | 9 (22) | 14 (35) | 6 (15) | 9 (23) |
| Unknown | 14 (9) | 4 (10) | 4 (10) | 3 (8) | 3 (8) |
| Radiotherapy—no. (%) | 121 (77) | 31 (78) | 29 (73) | 29 (74) | 32 (82) |
| Left-sided | 56 (35) | 10 (25) | 15 (38) | 13 (33) | 18 (46) |
| Endocrine therapy—no. (%) | 111 (70) | 29 (72) | 30 (75) | 24 (62) | 28 (72) |
| Current CVD medications—no. (%) | |||||
| Statin | 16 (10) | 8 (20) | 5 (12) | 3 (8) | 0 (0) |
| Beta-blockers | 11 (7) | 2 (5) | 3 (8) | 5 (13) | 1 (3) |
| Aspirin/anti-platelet | 8 (5) | 3 (8) | 3 (8) | 2 (5) | 0 (0) |
| Diabetes medication | 7 (4) | 5 (12) | 2 (5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 7 (4) | 0 (0) | 4 (10) | 2 (5) | 1 (3) |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | 6 (4) | 2 (5) | 2 (5) | 2 (5) | 0 (0) |
| ACE inhibitors | 5 (3) | 2 (5) | 2 (5) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) |
| Diuretic | 2 (1) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Pre-existing (controlled) CVD conditions—no. (%) | |||||
| Type 2 diabetes | 8 (5) | 5 (12) | 2 (5) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 14 (9) | 8 (20) | 4 (10) | 2 (5) | 0 (0) |
| Hypertension | 21 (13) | 5 (12) | 7 (18) | 8 (21) | 1 (3) |
| Any | 27 (17) | 9 (22) | 8 (20) | 9 (23) | 1 (3) |
aExercise defined as the total minutes of self-reported moderate/vigorous exercise per week.
bOther race category self-defined as ‘other’.
Chemotherapy, radiation, and endocrine therapy rates include only those patients receiving each treatment.
CVD, cardiovascular disease; DUMC, Duke University Medical Center; MSK, Memorial Sloan Kettering; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; ER, estrogen receptor; PR, progesterone receptor; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme.