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. 2023 Oct 2;133(19):e161348. doi: 10.1172/JCI161348

Figure 2. PA stimulation triggers the expression of key DR markers by MPs.

Figure 2

(A) Schematic representation of Mo isolation, treatment, and preparation. (B–D) Chromatographic analysis of FA chain composition after BSA (n = 3) or PA (n = 3) treatment. (B) Mean percentage of PA (C16:0) chains relative to total FAs. P s were calculated using Welch’s t test. (C) Mean percentage of monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), and saturated FAs (SFAs) (minus PA). (D) Mean percentage of ω−3 and ω–6 PUFAs. (C and D) P values were calculated using multiple Welch’s t tests corrected for multiple comparisons using the Holm-Šidák method. (E) Heatmap representation of the percentage of individual FA chains relative to total FA chains (minus PA). (F) RT-qPCR quantification of PLIN2 after treatment with BSA (n = 4), PA (n = 4), or PACH3 (n = 4). P values were determined by 1-way Welch’s ANOVA (P = 0.0021) followed by Dunnett’s T3 multiple-comparison test. (G–I) RNA-Seq transcriptomics analysis after BSA (n = 3) or PA (n = 3) treatment. (G) Scatter plot of the mean TPM value for all transcripts detected after BSA (x axis) or PA (y axis) treatment. The red and blue dots represent transcripts upregulated with a log2 FC of 4 or higher or a log2 FC of 4 or lower. (H) Heatmap representation of the log2 variance stabilizing transformation (vst) of the top 10 upregulated and downregulated transcripts. (I) GO enrichment analysis representing the fold enrichment of the 528 transcripts with a log2 FC of 2 or higher; red dots represent pathways related to lipid metabolism. Numbers in parenthesis represents the number of genes regulated by PA stimulation. Resp., response; Neg., negative; reg., regulator; act. activation; lipoprot., lipoprotein; Cell., cellular; stim., stimulation; Pos., positive; org., organization; diff., differentiation; drvd, derived. (J) Heatmap representation of the log2 vst of transcripts with a log2 FC of 4 or higher and belonging to the GO pathway “fatty acid metabolic process.” (K) Schematic representation of the biological function of the markers selected as a signature of lipid exposure.