Table 9.
Influence of nicotine on NET formation.
| Effect = ↓ ↑ |
Assay | Exposure time | Tested concentration [mmol/l] |
Effective concentration [mmol/l] |
IC50/EC50 [mmol/l] |
Level of significance (P-value) |
Number of exp. |
Authors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| = | SYTOX green DNA stain, spectrophotometric | 30min | 0.0062 - 0.062▵ | − | − | − | 5 | White et al., 2018 (47) |
| = | SYTOX green DNA stain, fluorescence microscopy |
30min | 0.0062 - 0.062▵ | − | − | − | 1 repr. | White et al., 2018 (47) |
| PMA-stimulated = | SYTOX green DNA stain, spectrophotometric | 30min | 0.0062 - 0.062▵ | − | − | − | 5 | White et al., 2018 (47) |
| PMA-stimulated = | SYTOX green DNA stain, fluorescence microscopy |
30min | 0.0062 - 0.062▵ | − | − | − | 1 repr. | White et al., 2018 (47) |
| HOCl-stimulated = | SYTOX green DNA stain, spectrophotometric | 30min | 0.0062 - 0.062▵ | − | − | − | 5 | White et al., 2018 (47). |
| HOCl-stimulated = | SYTOX green DNA stain, fluorescence microscopy |
30min | 0.0062 - 0.062▵ | − | − | − | 1 repr. | White et al., 2018 (47). |
| ↑ | DAPI staind area, fluorescence microscopy |
10h | 0.01 - 1 | 0.01 - 1 | − | < 0.001 | 6 | Hosseinzadeh et al., 2016 (50) |
| ↑ | SYTOX green DNA stain, spectrophotometric | 1 -10h | 0.01 | 5- 10h: 0.01 | − | < 0.05 ✧ | 6 | Hosseinzadeh et al., 2016 (50) |
| ↑ | SYTOX green DNA stain, spectrophotometric | 10h | 0.001 - 2 | 0.01 - 2 | − | 0.01/0.1 mmol/l: < 0.05 1 mmol/l: < 0.01 2 mmol/l: < 0.001 |
6 | Hosseinzadeh et al., 2016 (50) |
| ↑ | SYTOX green DNA stain, spectrophotometric | 4h | 1- 20 | 4 - 20 | − | vs 1 mmol/l: < 0.0001 |
≥ 2 | Lee et al., 2017 (49) |
| ↑ | MPO-DNA complexes released, ELISA |
4h | 1 - 5 | 3 - 5 | − | < 0.0001 | ≥ 2 | Lee et al., 2017 (49) |
| (↑) | Real-time fluorescence video microscopy | 1-3h | 2.5 | 2.5 ✧ | − | − | ≥ 2 | Lee et al., 2017 (49) |
| TNF-α -stimulated ↑ | SYTOX green DNA stain, spectrophotometric | 4h | 1 | 1 | − | < 0.005 | ≥ 2 | Lee et al., 2017 (49) |
| immune complex-stimulated ↑ | SYTOX green DNA stain, spectrophotometric | 4h | 1 | 1 | − | < 0.001 | ≥ 2 | Lee et al. (49),. |
| ↑ | SYTOX green DNA stain, fluorescence microscopy |
5-6h (every 30 min) | 0.00062 - 0.0018▵ | 0.0012 - 0.0018▵ | − | < 0.05/0.01 | ≥ 5 | Aspera-Werz et al., 2022 (45) |
| ↑ | SYTOX green DNA stain, MPO stained localization, fluorescence microscopy | 5h | 0.00062 - 0.0018▵ | − | − | − | 1 repr. | Aspera-Werz et al., 2022 (45) |
= no effect; ↓ effect on neutrophils inhibited by nicotine; ↑ effect on neutrophils strengthened by nicotine. ▵ Nicotine concentration converted into molar values based on the molar mass of nicotine of 162.23 g/mol. ✧ In case of kinetic studies, only the time points showing effects are shown. repr., representative result shown.