Table 2.
Independent variable – initial measurement items and sources of creative motivation.
| Dimension | No. | Measurement issues | Source scale |
|---|---|---|---|
| Interest motivation | IM1 | I am often fascinated by my favorite virtual idol | Self-drafted |
| IM2 | My interest lies in participating in virtual idol creation | Frederick and Ryan (1993) | |
| IM3 | I think participating in virtual idol creation can make me feel happy | ||
| IM4 | I participated in the creation of virtual idols to engage in entertainment and leisure activities in addition to work and study | ||
| Achievement motivation | AM1 | I participated in virtual idol creation to make more friends with common interests and hobbies | Kankanhalli et al. (2005); Yang et al. (2019) |
| AM2 | I participate in virtual idol creation to communicate and share with people with common interests and hobbies | ||
| AM3 | I gained a sense of belonging by participating in virtual idol creation | ||
| Social motivation | SM1 | I think participating in virtual idol creation can help me gain recognition from others | Frederick and Ryan (1993) |
| SM2 | I think participating in virtual idol creation can enhance my sense of value | ||
| SM3 | I think participating in virtual idol creation can enhance my sense of achievement | ||
| Profit motivation | PM1 | I participated in the creation of virtual idols to receive certain material rewards | Tang et al. (2012); Park and lee (2021) |
| PM2 | I participated in virtual idol creation to increase the number of fans and gain profit opportunities | ||
| PM3 | I think participating in virtual idol creation can become my livelihood job |