Table 8.
Comparison of participant characteristics by latent classes of combined strategies to prevent COVID-19 among a household probability sample of 4090 US adults (August-December 2020).
| Characteristics | Additional hand hygienea vs optimal mitigationb, PRc (95% CI) | Lowest mitigationd vs optimal mitigation, PR (95% CI) | |||
| Sex | |||||
|
|
Male | Reference (N/Ae) | Reference (N/A) | ||
|
|
Female | 1.34 (0.97-1.86) | 0.70 (0.56-0.87) | ||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
|
|
Hispanic | 1.89 (1.33-2.68) | 0.72 (0.51-1.01) | ||
|
|
Non-Hispanic Black | 1.93 (1.27-2.92) | 0.58 (0.33-1.00) | ||
|
|
Non-Hispanic White | Reference (N/A) | Reference (N/A) | ||
|
|
Other | 1.13 (0.66-1.93) | 0.61 (0.37-1.01) | ||
| Age (years) | |||||
|
|
18-34 | 4.37 (2.45-7.80) | 1.97 (1.42-2.72) | ||
|
|
35-44 | 4.94 (2.76-8.84) | 1.93 (1.36-2.72) | ||
|
|
45-54 | 4.48 (2.47-8.14) | 1.69 (1.16-2.47) | ||
|
|
55-64 | 3.54 (1.92-6.53) | 1.66 (1.16-2.36) | ||
|
|
≥65 | Reference (N/A) | Reference (N/A) | ||
| US Census region | |||||
|
|
Northeast | 0.74 (0.44-1.25) | 0.84 (0.57-1.25) | ||
|
|
Midwest | 0.86 (0.55-1.35) | 1.41 (1.06-1.87) | ||
|
|
South | 1.10 (0.78-1.56) | 1.00 (0.76-1.32) | ||
|
|
West | Reference (N/A) | Reference (N/A) | ||
| Urbanicity | |||||
|
|
Micropolitan/small town/rural | Reference (N/A) | Reference (N/A) | ||
|
|
Metropolitan | 0.84 (0.54-1.32) | 0.64 (0.49-0.84) | ||
| Education | |||||
|
|
High school/General Educational Development (GED) or less | 1.82 (1.21-2.75) | 1.16 (0.87-1.54) | ||
|
|
Some college/associate’s degree | 1.74 (1.21-2.51) | 1.09 (0.86-1.38) | ||
|
|
Bachelor’s degree | Reference (N/A) | Reference (N/A) | ||
|
|
Graduate degree | 1.13 (0.74-1.72) | 0.79 (0.60-1.05) | ||
| Annual income (US $) | |||||
|
|
0-24,999 | 1.40 (0.92-2.14) | 0.72 (0.50-1.02) | ||
|
|
25,000-49,999 | 1.17 (0.77-1.78) | 1.11 (0.80-1.53) | ||
|
|
50,000-99,999 | Reference (N/A) | Reference (N/A) | ||
|
|
100,000-199,999 | 0.78 (0.51-1.18) | 0.88 (0.66-1.18) | ||
|
|
≥200,000 | 0.64 (0.36-1.13) | 0.76 (0.54-1.06) | ||
| Health insurance | |||||
|
|
No health insurance | Reference (N/A) | Reference (N/A) | ||
|
|
Medicare/Medicaid/other | 0.58 (0.29-1.16) | 0.51 (0.32-0.81) | ||
|
|
Private insurance/parent’s plan | 0.89 (0.48-1.67) | 0.80 (0.53-1.22) | ||
|
|
Do not know | 0.83 (0.37-1.84) | 0.66 (0.37-1.18) | ||
| Month of sample collection | |||||
|
|
August | Reference (N/A) | Reference (N/A) | ||
|
|
September | 1.79 (1.12-2.85) | 1.06 (0.75-1.50) | ||
|
|
October | 1.14 (0.73-1.80) | 0.90 (0.67-1.21) | ||
|
|
November | 1.57 (1.04-2.38) | 0.90 (0.68-1.19) | ||
|
|
December | 0.30 (0.11-0.78) | 1.02 (0.33-3.11) | ||
| Job typef | |||||
|
|
Accommodation and food services | 2.10 (1.05-4.20) | 1.20 (0.65-2.22) | ||
|
|
Educational services | 1.38 (1.05-4.20) | 0.71 (0.47-1.08) | ||
|
|
Health care and social assistance | 3.95 (2.70-5.79) | 0.96 (0.68-1.36) | ||
|
|
Retail trade | 3.92 (2.28-6.74) | 0.95 (0.45-1.99) | ||
|
|
Transportation and warehousing | 3.04 (1.46-6.35) | 1.68 (1.04-2.70) | ||
|
|
Other | Reference (N/A) | Reference (N/A) | ||
| Work locationg | |||||
|
|
Completely indoors | 0.88 (0.60-1.28) | 0.73 (0.55-0.97) | ||
|
|
Completely outdoor/mixture/other | Reference (N/A) | Reference (N/A) | ||
aOptimal mitigation plus additional hand hygiene is consistent masking and social distancing, as well as hand hygiene ≥11 times/day.
bOptimal mitigation is consistent masking and social distancing, as well as hand hygiene 6-10 times/day.
cPR: prevalence ratio.
dThe lowest mitigation is inconsistent masking and social distancing, as well as hand hygiene 0-5 times/day.
eN/A: not applicable.
fAmong those who were employed.
gAmong those who were employed and left home for work.