Table 3.

Between-group differences in the main variables of interest, over time.

Variable		T1 (n = 73)			T2 (n = 68)			T3 (n = 60)			Within-group change						Graphic representation
											T2–T1		T3–T2		T3–T1
		CG n = 35	EG n = 38	EG-CG n = 73	CG n = 34	EG n = 34	EG-CG	CG n = 30	EG n = 30	EG-CG	CG n = 34	EG n = 34	CG n = 30	EG n = 30	CG n = 30	EG n = 30
Anxiety	Mean	3.0	3.2		2.9	2.8		2.1	2.3		−0.1	−0.6	−0.9	−0.5	−0.9	−1.1
	SD	1.8	1.8		1.8	1.7		1.9	1.9		1.9	1.7	1.3	1.6	2.0	1.8
	$\beta$			0.07			−0.06			0.07	−0.03	0.16	−0.33	−0.20	−0.36	−0.35
	p			0.700			0.760			0.715	0.781	0.193	0.021*	0.152	0.010*	0.008**
Depression	Mean	1.8	1.0		1.3	1.4		0.7	1.2		−0.5	0.4	−0.6	−0.1	−1.1	0.1
	SD	1.6	1.1		1.2	1.6		1.1	1.6		1.3	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.7	1.7
	$\beta$			−0.65			0.02			0.46	−0.34	0.33	−0.58	−0.14	−0.92	0.19
	p			0.019*			0.951			0.167	0.072^	0.118	0.022*	0.510	<.001***	0.404
QoL
Disease-related	Mean	16.4	15		17.4	17.4		19.5	19.0		1.1	2.4	2.1	1.6	3.3	4.0
	SD	3.1	2.9		2.8	2.7		3.2	4.1		3.5	3.8	3.0	3.2	4.0	4.5
	$\beta$			−0.25			−0.01			−0.05	0.19	0.43	0.74	0.69	0.94	1.13
	p			0.155			0.961			0.799	0.205	0.004**	<.001***	<.001***	<.001***	<.001***
Physical	Mean	2.9	2.8		3.2	3.2		3.4	3.3		0.3	0.5	0.2	−0.1	0.5	0.5
	SD	0.8	0.9		0.8	0.7		0.8	0.9		0.8	1.0	0.8	0.7	0.7	1.1
	$\beta$			−0.10			0.14			−0.12	0.29	0.53	0.28	0.01	0.57	0.54
	p			0.643			0.531			0.587	0.068^	0.001**	0.114	0.931	<.001***	0.001**
Mental	Mean	3.9	3.9		4.1	4.2		4.3	4.1		0.1	0.4	0.2	−0.2	0.3	0.3
	SD	1.0	0.9		0.7	0.8		0.8	0.9		0.9	1.1	0.7	1.0	1.0	1.1
	$\beta$			−0.12			0.36			−0.08	0.03	0.51	0.29	−0.15	0.32	0.36
	p			0.612			0.156			0.770	0.891	0.013*	0.174	0.506	0.138	0.086^
WIQ
WIQ distance	Mean	25.3	32.1		70.4	67.6		70.1	70.8		44.7	33.6	−4.67	−1.9	46.0	37.0
	SD	26.1	27.3		30.7	33.2		36.7	35.0		35.5	40.0	36.0	27.1	36.5	33.9
	$\beta$			0.01			0.20			0.03	1.31	1.50	0.47	0.30	1.78	1.80
	p			0.980			0.533			0.940	<.001***	<.001***	0.108	0.305	<.001***	<.001***
WIQ speed	Mean	21.3	20.4		38.6	38.8		41.7	39.8		17.0	18.2	1.5	−2.1	21.6	18.7
	SD	13.1	14.2		18.0	18.7		24.1	27.6		19.7	20.8	25.5	24.9	24.2	28.1
	$\beta$			−0.11			0.03			−0.32	0.82	0.96	0.38	0.03	1.20	0.99
	p			0.709			0.903			0.251	<.001***	<.001***	0.087^	0.895	<.001***	<.001***
WIQ stairs	Mean	42.9	38.2		58.1	57.8		77.8	64.6		14.5	19.2	18.6	2.6	33.9	25.8
	SD	36.0	30.2		35.9	36.8		29.7	37.8		50.1	52.1	36.1	43.2	44.8	46.0
	$\beta$			−0.08			0.12			−0.43	0.76	0.96	0.74	0.20	1.50	1.16
	p			0.789			0.705			0.197	0.019*	0.002**	0.020*	0.543	<.001***	<.001***
Treadmill walking
PFWD	Mean	150.8	95.6		292.7	254.5		320.0	295.3		143.4	158.9	13.6	41.2	165.3	202.5
	SD	104.6	73.7		160.4	160.4		173.7	230.1		155.2	140.0	154.5	152.2	148.2	218.7
	$\beta$			−55.14			−38.84			−18.45	142.56	158.86	21.42	41.81	163.98	200.67
	p			0.119			0.291			0.635	<.001***	<.001***	0.459	0.153	<.001***	<.001***
FWD	Mean	219.4	160.3		368.4	359.1		423.	373.7		149.4	201.1	37.1	10.3	195.1	219.0
	SD	137.1	97.4		162.3	188.0		193.7	228.9		158.1	154.9	169.7	147.9	143.2	202.9
	$\beta$			−59.08			−8.26			−39.72	149.19	200.01	45.71	14.25	194.9	214.26
	p			0.127			0.837			0.349	<.001***	<.001***	0.116	0.632	<.001***	<.001***
MWD	Mean	318.2	285.1		479.7	477.1		547.7	532.2		160.9	193.2	43.6	26.4	226.2	230.7
	SD	144.7	134.0		211.1	245.8		266.2	292.4		204.3	181.6	206.3	131.1	226.2	221.7
	$\beta$			−0.15			0.05			0.04	0.74	0.94	0.52	0.50	1.25	1.44
	p			0.649			0.863			0.899	0.001*	<.001**	0.017***	0.017*	<.001***	<.001***
6-minute walking
6MWD	Mean	341.6	318.4		372.6	354.5		393.6	363.5		25.4	36.2	12.6	3.2	42.5	43.1
	SD	78.1	77.1		78.3	72.7		70.5	84.1		61.4	56.3	58.9	48.9	64.2	59.2
	$\beta$			−23.15			−13.94			−24.10	27.00	36.20	15.84	5.68	42.83	41.87
	p			0.198			0.446			0.200	0.006**	<.001***	0.124	0.582	<.001***	<.001***
6MPM	Mean	2.5	2.4		3.1	3.0		3.4	3.2		0.7	0.7	0.3	0.2	0.8	0.7
	SD	0.8	1.0		1.1	1.2		1.3	1.3		1.2	1.3	1.6	1.2	1.4	0.9
	$\beta$			−0.03			−0.07			0.04	0.45	0.40	0.02	0.10	0.43	0.50
	p			0.900			0.753			0.862	0.014*	0.025*	0.934	0.606	0.028*	0.007**
6MStop	Mean	0.9	1.1		0.5	0.6		0.3	0.6		−0.5	−0.4	−0.2	−0.03	−0.6	−0.5
	SD	1.0	1.4		0.6	0.8		0.5	1.1		1.1	1.5	0.7	0.8	0.9	1.4
	$\beta$			0.04			0.08			0.65	−0.61	−0.58	−0.57	0.002	−1.19	−0.58
	p			0.877			0.832			0.138	0.018*	0.011*	0.146	0.993	0.001**	0.014*

Means and graphs obtained with raw data; $\beta$ is the model estimate and p is the p-value provided by the corresponding regression model. PFWD: Pain-free treadmill walking distance (in meters); FWD: Functional treadmill walking distance (in meters); MWD: Maximal treadmill walking distance (in meters); 6 MWD: 6-Minute walk distance (in meters); 6MPM: 6-Minute pain distance (in minutes); 6MStop – 6-Minute number of stops. Significance: ^p < 0.1, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Number of participants (n) may differ in some rows. Significant (or marginally significant) values are highlighted in bold. Red line, CG: blue line, EG.