Fig. 3.

(a) Mismatch between laboratory and environment-occurring nanoplastics in the risk assessment to environmental and human health. Polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) are the most commonly detected plastics in the environment. (b) Transformation of nanoplastics in the environment. Nanoplastics are continuously produced, and undergo weathering, coating, colonization and co-exposure with other contaminants. Eco-corona forms outside an organism with high concentrations of natural organic matter and excreted proteins.