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. 2022 Jun 22;1(2):86–104. doi: 10.1016/j.eehl.2022.05.001

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© 2022 The Author(s)

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 1 — (a) Representative wastes that have been converted into functional materials for wastewater treatment (Soya waste [13], Copyright © 2021, Elsevier; lotus seedpod [14], Copyright © 2020, Elsevier; tea waste [15], Copyright © 2020, Elsevier; animal feces [16], Copyright © 2020, Elsevier; coal mining waste [17], Copyright © 2021, Elsevier; red mud [18], Copyright © 2021, Elsevier; sewage sludge [19], Copyright © 2022, Elsevier; brick waste [20], Copyright © 2021, MDPI; waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) [21], Copyright © 2013, American Chemical Society; spent batteries [22], Copyright © 2021, American Chemical Society; waste liquid crystal displays [23], Copyright © 2019, Elsevier; electronic packaging waste [24], Copyright © 2022, Elsevier). (b) Milestone timeline of studies related to the waste-derived materials for wastewater treatment (AC, activated carbon; MB, methylene blue) [[25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35]].