Table 1.
Summary of representative waste-derived adsorbents for pollutant removal.
| Adsorbent | Pollutant | Adsorption conditions |
Adsorption amount (mg/g) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A.D.a (g/L) | C0b (mg/L) | Time (h) | pH | Tc (°C) | |||
| WPCB-derived adsorbent | Cd(II) | 1 | 562 | 4 days | 4 | 20 | 236.12 [113] |
| Corn stalk-derived biochar | Pb(II) | 2 | 100 | 12 | 5.5 | 25 | 49.7 [114] |
| Leaching residues of biotite minerals | Hg(II) | – | 200 | 2 | 2 | 25 | 355.23 [115] |
| Sorghum root-derived ACd | Pb(II) | 0.2 | 40 | 1 | – | – | 197.6 [116] |
| Cow dung waste-derived composite (PEI-Fe3O4@CDB) | Cu(II) | 5 | 1200 | 3 | 7 | 25 | 183.82 [117] |
| Cd(II) | 5 | 1200 | 3 | 7 | 25 | 231.48 [117] | |
| Blast furnace slag-derived Al2O3-SiO2-BFS | U(VI) | 0.5 | 300 | 5 | 6 | 25 | 88.5 [118] |
| Pinewood-derived biochar | NO3− | 2.5 | 60 | 6 | 2 | 22 ± 1 | 4.2 [119] |
| PO43− | 2.5 | 60 | 6 | 2 | 22 ± 1 | 20.5 [119] | |
| Red mud/base treated rice husk composite | SO42− | 7.5 | 100 | 1.5 | 4 | 65 | 12.41 [80] |
| Paper waste-derived AC | F− | 0.3 | 12 | 18 | 5 | 25 | 39.76 [120] |
| Acidosasa edulis shoot shell-derived biochar | ReO4− | 3 | 20 | 8 | 1 | ∼22 | 4.42 [121] |
| Pine sawdust-derived AC (CZn5) | Basic Green 4 | 5 | 50–2000 | 2 | 6–10 | 26 | 370.37 [122] |
| Rice husk-derived AC (PK-AC) | RhBe | 10 | 300 | 3 | 1.3–10.2 | 19.8 | 235 [123] |
| Blast furnace sludge-derived carbonaceous adsorbent | Basic Orange 2 | 1 | 124.36 | 2 | 6.5–7.5 | 25 | 10.1 [124] |
| Sugarcane bagasse derived biochar/ZnO | Reactive Red 24 | 1 | 250 | 1 | 3 | RTf | 105.24 [125] |
| Sewage sludge-derived AC | Amoxicillin | 2.5 | 100 | – | 6 | – | 27 [126] |
| Polyethylene terephthalate waste-derived α-Fe/Fe3C | Tetracycline hydrochloride | 0.25 | 200 | 1.5 | 6 | 25 | 652.08 [127] |
| Modified waste expanded polystyrene | Fluoroquinolone | 0.2 | 25 | 0.5 | 6 | – | 554.3 [128] |
| Walnut shell-derived AC | SMXg | 0.01 | 40 | 48 | 5.5 | 30 | 93.5 [129] |
| Metronidazole | 0.01 | 40 | 48 | 8 | 30 | 107.4 [129] | |
| Methanol-modified biochar | Tetracycline | 1 | 100 | 12 | 5 | 30 | 95.63 [130] |
a
Adsorbent dosage.
b
Initial pollutant concentration.
c
Temperature.
d
Activated carbon.
e
Rhodamine B.
f
Room temperature.
g
Sulfamethoxazole.