Table 2.
Summary of representative waste-derived photocatalysts for pollutant degradation.
| Photocatalyst | Pollutant | Photodegradation conditions |
Degradation efficiency (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P.A.a (g/L) | C0 (mg/L) | Irradiation | Time (h) | pH | |||
| Cotton waste-derived carbon microtube | BPAb | 0.5 | 10 | Visible light | 2 | – | ∼95 [173] |
| Industrial waste-derived TiO2/Fe2O3 | Methyl blue | 1 | 79.9 | Natural sunlight | 2 | 5 | 100 [174] |
| RhB | 1 | 47.9 | Natural sunlight | 2 | 5 | 93 [174] | |
| Congo red | 1 | 69.67 | Natural sunlight | 2 | 5 | 99 [174] | |
| Waste toner powder-derived g-C3N4-Fe2O3 | MO | 1 | 20 | Natural sunlight | 1.5 | 99 [175] | |
| Spent batteries-derived graphene oxide/copper composite | MB | 0.5 | 100 | UV lightc | 3 | – | 90 [176] |
| Industrial waste-derived multiphase photocatalysts | Ritonavir | 0.4 | 10 | Visible light | 0.25 | – | 95 [177] |
| Lopinavir | 0.4 | 10 | Visible light | 1 | – | 95 [177] | |
| ZnO immobilized onto wood waste-derived AC | MB | 3 | 10–50 | Visible light | 3 | 8 | 100 [178] |
| Cd2+-loaded spent adsorbent | MB | 0.4 | 20 | Visible light | 0.33 | – | 97.41 [179] |
| Pb2+-loaded spent adsorbent | Acetaminophen | 0.2 | 5 | Visible light | 3 | 7 | 93 [180] |
| Polystyrene waste supported Ag-TiO2 | MB | 6.7 | 45 | UV light | 2.5 | 6 | 60 [181] |
| Cr(VI) | 6.7 | 15 | UV light | 2.5 | 2 | 32 [181] | |
| Red mud modified montmorillonite | Phenol | 1 | 100 | Visible light | 1 | 6 | 95 [67] |
| Cr(VI) | 1 | 60 | Visible light | 2 | 4 | 97 [67] | |
a
Photocatalyst amount.
b
Bisphenol A.
c
Ultraviolet light.