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Associations between Fe × Cu interactions and Z-scores for birth weight in A) the prenatal cohort (discovery set) and B) the Healthy Baby Cohort (replication set). In these two contour plots, the X-axis is the natural log-transformed creatinine-standardized urinary concentration of Fe, and the Y-axis is the natural log-transformed creatinine-standardized urinary concentration of Cu. The color and color depth in the contour plots are the Z-scores for birth weight
