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. 2022 Dec 5;1(4):259–279. doi: 10.1016/j.eehl.2022.11.005

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Examples of different CO2 reduction technologies. (A) Schematic illustration of CoPcPDA-CMP NSs synthesis (Reproduced with permission from ref. [157], Copyright (2022) John Wiley and Sons). (B) Schematic illustration of visible-light-driven CO2 reduction involving a donor–acceptor CMP with fast, selective, and efficient CH4 production (Reprinted with permission from ref. [158]. Copyright (2021) American Chemical Society). (C) DFT calculations. (a) Key reaction pathways for C2+ products formation via C–C coupling. Blue, copper; brown, carbon; red, oxygen; white, hydrogen. (b) Reaction energies (ΔEreaction) of the C–C coupling step at different ∗CO coverage on a 3 × 3 Cu(111) surface. (c) Scheme illustration for the tandem catalysis of CO2RR over Au-Cu Janus NSs (Reproduced with permission from ref. [178], Copyright (2022) John Wiley and Sons). (D) Schematic diagram of the MES system (Reprinted from ref. [191], Copyright (2022), with permission from Elsevier). (E) Solar thermochemical looping reforming process (Reprinted from ref. [198], Copyright (2020), with permission from Elsevier). (F) Tubular reactor for CO2 and H2O splitting from FeO particles (Reprinted from ref. [206], Copyright (2011), with permission from Elsevier). CoTAPc, tetraaminophthalocyanatocobalt(II); PTCDA, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride; CoPcPDA-CMP NSs, 2D imide-based covalent organic polymer nanosheets; PCET, proton-coupled electron transfer; NSs, nanostructures; ROS, reactive oxygen species; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; pBBR-Plac-CrtEBI2, lycopene strain; H2ases, hydrogenases.