Table 1.
Descriptive summary of maternal and infant characteristics.
| Maternal Characteristics | Total study sample | Unexposed to cannabis during pregnancy | Early exposure to cannabis during pregnancy | Late exposure to cannabis during pregnancy | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother/infant dyads | 207 | 138 | 51 | 18 | |
| Maternal Age, mean (SD) | 26.4 (5.2) | 27.8 (4.7) | 23.7 (5.0) | 22.8 (5.3) | <0 . 0001 |
| High school education, n (%) | |||||
| No | 39 (18.8) | 12 (8.7) | 18 (35.3) | 9 (50.0) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 168 (81.2) | 126 (91.3) | 33 (64.7) | 9 (50.0) | |
| Racea, n (%) | |||||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 76 (36.7) | 27 (19.6) | 36 (70.6) | 13 (72.2) | <0.0001 |
| White | 119 (57.5) | 105 (76.1) | 11 (21.6) | 3 (16.7) | |
| Other/Unknown | 12 (5.8) | 6 (4.3) | 4 (7.8) | 2 (11.1) | |
| Monthly household incomeb, n (%) | |||||
| ≤$1500 | 89 (43.0) | 37 (26.8) | 39 (76.5) | 13 (72.2) | <0.0001 |
| >$1500 | 112 (54.1) | 98 (71.0) | 10 (19.6) | 4 (22.2) | |
| Prenatal alcohol exposureb, n (%) | |||||
| No | 82 (39.6) | 62 (44.9) | 14 (27.5) | 6 (33.3) | 0.07 |
| Yes | 123 (59.4) | 74 (53.6) | 37 (72.5) | 12 (66.7) | |
| Prenatal tobacco exposureb, n (%) | |||||
| No | 139 (67.2) | 114 (82.6) | 19 (37.3) | 6 (33.3) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 61 (29.5) | 19 (13.8) | 30 (58.8) | 12 (66.7) | |
| Spielberger State Anxietya,b, n (%) | |||||
| No | 187 (90.8) | 130 (94.2) | 40 (80.0) | 17 (94.4) | 0.02 |
| Yes | 19 (9.2) | 8 (5.8) | 10 (20.0) | 1 (5.6) | |
| Spielberger Trait Anxiety | |||||
| No | 174 (84.5) | 126 (91.3) | 35 (70.0) | 13 (72.2) | 0.0006 |
| Yes | 32 (15.5) | 12 (8.7) | 15 (30.0) | 5 (27.8) | |
| Infant Characteristics | |||||
| Gestational age in weeks | 39.4 (1.5) | 39.3 (1.6) | 39.4 (1.4) | 39.9 (0.8) | 0.22 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 110 (53.1) | 78 (56.5) | 27 (52.9) | 5 (27.8) | 0.07 |
| Female | 97 (46.9) | 60 (43.5) | 24 (47.1) | 13 (72.2) | |
| MSEL, median (range)c | |||||
| Early Composite Standard Score | 99 (51–134) | 98 (51–134) | 100 (71–117) | 104.5 (89–121) | 0.22 |
| Expressive Language T-Score | 51 (21–78) | 46 (21–78) | 51 (25–67) | 57 (37–62) | <0.03 |
| Fine Motor T-Score | 55 (20–74) | 55 (20–74) | 49 (20–69) | 55 (28–65) | 0.92 |
| Gross Motor T-Score | 53 (20–80) | 53 (20–80) | 57 (31–78) | 55.5 (31–66) | 0.25 |
| Receptive Language T-Score | 44 (22–73) | 44 (22–73) | 44.5 (35–64) | 47 (34–60) | 0.06 |
| Visual Reception T-Score | 52 (24–80) | 52 (24–80) | 47 (34–60) | 52 (38–66) | 0.19 |
Bolded values are statistically significant.
a
Fishers Exact test performed due to small cell size.
b
Percentages will not add up to 100% due to missing values;.
c
Kruskal Wallis test performed due to non-normal distributions.