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. 2023 Nov 22;14:1290391. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290391

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Copyright © 2023 Provera, Ramavath, Gadipudi, Gigliotti, Boggio, Vecchio, Stoppa, Rolla, Boldorini, Pirisi, Smirne, Albano, Dianzani and Sutti

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Proposed mechanisms for the modulation of liver macrophages phenotype by ICOS/ICOSL interaction. ICOS expressing CD8⁺ T-cells can contribute to support pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic TREM2⁺/ICOSL⁺ MoMFs involved in forming crown-like aggregates by preventing their differentiation to monocyte-derived Kupffer cells. Image created with BioRender.com.