Table 1.

Nagoya Protocol: impacts* on specific examples of FMD surveillance, academic research and commercial activities.

Uses of material that is probably in scope (depending on the applicable national regulations) Any genetic resource that is the subject of utilisation, i.e., research and development on the genetic or biochemical composition of the genetic resource, e.g., material that is the subject of research aimed at discovering or examining specific characteristics of the material (even if it is academic research), or to develop a product. This includes:	Material that may be out of scope, depending on the national regulations of the provider and user countries Any genetic resource that is not the subject of utilisation, i.e., no research and/or development is taking place on the genetic or biochemical composition of the genetic resource. This may include:
A field strain of FMDV used to develop a vaccine seed stock	Material used for taxonomy or identification of a resource. For instance, confirmatory testing or sequencing of samples received by a FMD reference laboratory.
An FMD virus being developed to become a component of a therapeutic agent	Antigenic characterisation of field strains (vaccine matching)
An FMD virus being developed to become a component of a diagnostic test	FMD viruses used as challenge strains in animal trials
An FMD virus being developed to become a research tool or to generate new knowledge	Materials used as a positive or negative controls for in-house tests
Production of recombinant FMDV proteins for research or commercial purposes that utilise specific genetic information derived by the user from field viruses (this depends on the legal status of DSI in the relevant national ABS regulation)	Samples used as components in a proficiency testing panel
Contract research that includes any of the above examples – responsibility for compliance should be made clear between the customer and the service provider	Long-term archiving of materials

*This table provides an interpretation of the ways in which FMD materials may be used. This should not be considered as a definitive interpretation of the CBD, the Nagoya Protocol, or national ABS requirements as it remains the responsibility of national competent authorities to interpret these requirements as they see fit.