Table 1.
Correlation studies of AF and NLRP3 inflammasome components.
| Author (year) | NLRP3 inflammasome components | Experimental Methods | conclusion | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yao 2018 | NLRP3 inflammasome | The extent of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in atrial whole-tissue lysates and cardiomyocytes from patients with paroxysmal AF or long-term persistent AF was assessed by immunoblotting. A mouse model of NLRP3-specific activation in cardiomyocytes was developed. In vivo electrophysiology was used to assess atrial arrhythmia vulnerability. | NLRP3-inflammasome activity was increased in atrial CMs of pAF and cAF patients. CM-KI mice developed spontaneous premature atrial contractions and inducible AF, which was attenuated by a specific NLRP3-inflammasome inhibitor, MCC950. | (11) |
| Ying 2010 | IL-18 | A case-control study design was used and 56 AF cases and 26 controls were included. AF cases were categorized as paroxysmal and persistent AF or isolated AF and AF with hypertension. Circulating levels of IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α, and others were detected. | IL-18 is an independent factor affecting AF and is most significantly associated with all types of AF | (41) |
| Hua 2010 | IL-1β | In a case-control study, 90 Chinese subjects were divided into 3 groups: control, paroxysmal AF, and persistent AF. After capturing serum microvesicles with a specific monoclonal antibody AD-1, the levels of IL-1β and P-selectin on the microvesicles were determined by ELISA. | Microvesicle-bound IL-1β and microvesicle-bound P-selectin levels were significantly higher in patients with persistent AF compared with normal controls. | (42) |
| Heijman 2020 | NLRP3 inflammasome, pro-caspase-1, ASC, gasdermin-D, IL-1β | Protein expression levels of CaMKII, RyR 2, and NLRP3 inflammasome fractions in tissue homogenates or cardiomyocytes were assessed in atrial samples from 265 patients with no POAF or POAF. | CaMKII and RyR 2 protein expression was significantly increased in atrial samples from patients with POAF. patients with POAF also showed stronger expression of the activation component of the NLRP 3-inflammasome system in atrial whole-tissue homogenates and cardiomyocytes. | (43) |
| Serena 2022 | IL-1β | EAT and atrial biopsies from 40 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were collected and screened for IL-1β and IL-1 ra in serum samples and EAT-conditioned media to evaluate atrial fibrosis histologically. | EAT-mediated IL-1β secretion and expression were significantly higher in the POAF group compared with the no-POAF group. | (44) |