Table 3.
Relationship between DII score and cognitive function.
| Variable | Crude model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | AIC | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | AIC | OR (95% CI) | P-value | AIC | OR (95% CI) | P-value | AIC | |
| CERAD test | ||||||||||||
| DII (continuous) | 1.16 (1.09–1.23) | 2142.43 | <0.001 | 1.19 (1.12–1.27) | <0.001 | 1965.36 | 1.19 (1.12–1.27) | <0.001 | 1958.84 | 1.18 (1.1–1.26) | <0.001 | 1936.66 |
| DII categories | 2143.82 | 1970.19 | 1964.29 | 1942.05 | ||||||||
| Low DII | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| Middle DII | 1.38 (1.06–1.82) | 0.019 | 1.38 (1.03–1.83) | 0.029 | 1.37 (1.03–1.83) | 0.031 | 1.34 (1–1.79) | 0.051 | ||||
| High DII | 1.93 (1.48–2.5) | <0.001 | 2.1 (1.58–2.79) | <0.001 | 2.11 (1.58–2.81) | <0.001 | 1.99 (1.48–2.67) | <0.001 | ||||
| Trend test | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Animal fluency test | ||||||||||||
| DII (continuous) | 1.22 (1.15–1.3) | 2105.86 | <0.001 | 1.19 (1.12–1.27) | <0.001 | 1987.74 | 1.18 (1.11–1.26) | <0.001 | 1979.36 | 1.15 (1.08–1.23) | <0.001 | 1943.57 |
| DII categories | 2110.45 | 1993.7 | 1984.9 | 1948.65 | ||||||||
| Low DII | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| Middle DII | 1.51 (1.14–2) | 0.004 | 1.44 (1.08–1.93) | 0.013 | 1.42 (1.06–1.91) | 0.018 | 1.37 (1.02–1.85) | 0.038 | ||||
| High DII | 2.38 (1.82–3.11) | <0.001 | 2.11 (1.59–2.8) | <0.001 | 2.02 (1.51–2.69) | <0.001 | 1.82 (1.35–2.44) | <0.001 | ||||
| Trend test | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Digital symbol substitution test | ||||||||||||
| DII (continuous) | 1.25 (1.18–1.32) | 2198.19 | <0.001 | 1.25 (1.17–1.33) | <0.001 | 1850.29 | 1.21 (1.14–1.3) | <0.001 | 1827.56 | 1.19 (1.11–1.28) | <0.001 | 1721.12 |
| DII categories | 2200.92 | 1854.1 | 1830.05 | 1724.23 | ||||||||
| Low DII | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||
| Middle DII | 1.63 (1.24–2.14) | <0.001 | 1.58 (1.17–2.14) | 0.003 | 1.53 (1.13–2.08) | 0.006 | 1.46 (1.06–2.01) | 0.02 | ||||
| High DII | 2.7 (2.08–3.5) | <0.001 | 2.64 (1.97–3.55) | <0.001 | 2.39 (1.77–3.23) | <0.001 | 2.14 (1.56–2.94) | <0.001 | ||||
| Trend test | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
Crude Model: without covariates adjustment. Model 1 = Age + Gender + Race + Marital status. Model 2 = Model1 + BMI + Drinking status + Smoking status. Model 3 = Model1 + Model2 + CKD + HDL-C + Hypertension + Diabetes + Monthly income + Depressive + Physical activity. The bold values indicate statistically significant values of p < 0.05. DII, dietary inflammatory index; CERAD, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease; AIC, Akaike information criterion.