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. 2023 Nov 21;10:1279721. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1279721

Table 3.

Relationship between DII score and cognitive function.

Variable Crude model Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
OR (95% CI) AIC P-value OR (95% CI) P-value AIC OR (95% CI) P-value AIC OR (95% CI) P-value AIC
CERAD test
DII (continuous) 1.16 (1.09–1.23) 2142.43 <0.001 1.19 (1.12–1.27) <0.001 1965.36 1.19 (1.12–1.27) <0.001 1958.84 1.18 (1.1–1.26) <0.001 1936.66
DII categories 2143.82 1970.19 1964.29 1942.05
Low DII Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
Middle DII 1.38 (1.06–1.82) 0.019 1.38 (1.03–1.83) 0.029 1.37 (1.03–1.83) 0.031 1.34 (1–1.79) 0.051
High DII 1.93 (1.48–2.5) <0.001 2.1 (1.58–2.79) <0.001 2.11 (1.58–2.81) <0.001 1.99 (1.48–2.67) <0.001
Trend test <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Animal fluency test
DII (continuous) 1.22 (1.15–1.3) 2105.86 <0.001 1.19 (1.12–1.27) <0.001 1987.74 1.18 (1.11–1.26) <0.001 1979.36 1.15 (1.08–1.23) <0.001 1943.57
DII categories 2110.45 1993.7 1984.9 1948.65
Low DII Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
Middle DII 1.51 (1.14–2) 0.004 1.44 (1.08–1.93) 0.013 1.42 (1.06–1.91) 0.018 1.37 (1.02–1.85) 0.038
High DII 2.38 (1.82–3.11) <0.001 2.11 (1.59–2.8) <0.001 2.02 (1.51–2.69) <0.001 1.82 (1.35–2.44) <0.001
Trend test <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Digital symbol substitution test
DII (continuous) 1.25 (1.18–1.32) 2198.19 <0.001 1.25 (1.17–1.33) <0.001 1850.29 1.21 (1.14–1.3) <0.001 1827.56 1.19 (1.11–1.28) <0.001 1721.12
DII categories 2200.92 1854.1 1830.05 1724.23
Low DII Ref. Ref. Ref. Ref.
Middle DII 1.63 (1.24–2.14) <0.001 1.58 (1.17–2.14) 0.003 1.53 (1.13–2.08) 0.006 1.46 (1.06–2.01) 0.02
High DII 2.7 (2.08–3.5) <0.001 2.64 (1.97–3.55) <0.001 2.39 (1.77–3.23) <0.001 2.14 (1.56–2.94) <0.001
Trend test <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Crude Model: without covariates adjustment. Model 1 = Age + Gender + Race + Marital status. Model 2 = Model1 + BMI + Drinking status + Smoking status. Model 3 = Model1 + Model2 + CKD + HDL-C + Hypertension + Diabetes + Monthly income + Depressive + Physical activity. The bold values indicate statistically significant values of p < 0.05. DII, dietary inflammatory index; CERAD, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease; AIC, Akaike information criterion.