Table 3.
Changes in Echocardiography measures by pregnancy status between the two exams and adjusted regression results between change in echocardiography outcome measure and pregnancy status.
| Never Pregnant | Experienced Pregnancy | Adjusted Regression Results | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | |||||
| Echocardiography Outcome | N | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | N | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | β (95% CI) | p-value |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| LV mass | 150 | 139.3 ± 35.7 | 142.4 ± 35.7 | 48 | 139.1 ± 35.8 | 147.0 ± 43.0 | 8.8 (−1.5 – 19.1) | 0.09 |
| LV mass h (g/m) | 150 | 36.7 ± 8.8 | 37.2 ± 8.7 | 48 | 36.1 ± 9.1 | 38.0 ± 9.9 | 2.5 (−0.20 – 5.2) | 0.07 |
| LV wall thickness | 151 | 0.34 ± 0.07 | 0.34 ± 0.06 | 48 | 0.34 ± 0.06 | 0.34 ± 0.05 | 0.0009 (−0.02 – 0.03) | 0.94 |
| TAPSE Systolic Dimension (cm) | 145 | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 45 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 0.03 (−0.11 – 0.17) | 0.66 |
| LV ejection fraction* | 151 | 67.7 ± 5.9 | 67.0 ± 5.7 | 48 | 69.6 ± 5.3 | 67.9 ± 5.4 | −0.03 (−1.9 – 1.9) | 0.98 |
| LA internal dimension (cm) | 146 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 42 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | −0.04 (−0.19 – 0.10) | 0.54 |
| Mitral valve lateral Em† | 148 | 16.9 ± 4.4 | 14.4 ± 3.0 | 47 | 17.4 ± 4.1 | 14.1 ± 3.3 | −0.07 (−0.16 – 0.02) | 0.10 |
| Mitral valve lateral E/Em | 148 | 5.9 ± 1.8 | 6.5 ± 1.7 | 47 | 6.0 ± 2.1 | 6.9 ± 2.1 | 0.42 (−0.23 – 1.07) | 0.20 |
Experienced pregnancy for these results is defined as having a first pregnancy of at least 20 weeks between the first and second echocardiography evaluations. Women who experienced a pregnancy before the first evaluation or after the second evaluation may be classified as having experienced a pregnancy for other outcomes. Summary data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
Results for multivariable linear regression models were adjusted for maternal age at baseline, race or ethnicity, household income, duration of diabetes at baseline echocardiogram, baseline high HbA1c (>6%), and baseline BMI.
Regression model included baseline value of the outcome as a covariate
Data were log transformed to approximate normality
TAPSE – Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion
Em – early diastolic annular velocity
E/Em – ratio of early transmitral flow velocity to the early diastolic annular velocity