Table 4.

Changes in arterial stiffness measures by pregnancy status between the two exams and adjusted regression results examining change in arterial stiffness outcome measure and pregnancy status.

	Never Pregnant			Experienced Pregnancy			Adjusted Regression Results
Arterial Stiffness Outcome		Baseline	Follow-up		Baseline	Follow-up
	N	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	N	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	β (95% CI)	p-value
PWV Carotid – Femoral (m/s)	92	6.1 ± 1.0	6.7 ± 1.8	29	6.5 ± 1.3	7.3 ± 2.1	0.08 (−0.55 – 0.70)	0.81
PWV Carotid – Radial (m/s)*	89	7.3 ± 1.0	8.7 ± 1.8	26	8.2 ± 1.2	8.9 ± 2.1	0.15 (−0.73 – 1.03)	0.74
PWV Femoral – Foot (M/s) *	68	8.4 ± 2.2	9.3 ± 3.0	24	8.1 ± 2.4	9.5 ± 2.0	0.83 (−0.19 – 1.85)	0.11
Aix (%)	117	10.9 ± 10.5	16.5 ± 9.7	35	8.9 ± 12.6	15.4 ± 10.1	0.88 (−2.68 – 4.45)	0.62
Brach D (mm/mm Hg)	112	6.0 ± 1.3	6.2 ± 1.4	37	6.0 ± 1.3	6.2 ± 1.2	0.005 (−0.52 – 0.53)	0.99

Experienced pregnancy for these results is defined as having a first pregnancy of at least 20 weeks between the first and second arterial stiffness evaluations. Women who experienced a pregnancy before the first evaluation or after the second evaluation may be classified as having experienced a pregnancy for other outcomes. Summary data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Results for multilinear regression models were adjusted for maternal age at baseline, race or ethnicity, household income, duration of diabetes at time of baseline PWV measures, baseline high HbA1c (>6%), and baseline BMI.

^*Regression model includes baseline value of the outcome as a covariate