Table 2.
Selected baseline characteristics of patients in the pooled CREDENCE and DAPA-CKD population stratified by discontinuation/nondiscontinuation of renin–angiotensin system blockade during follow-up
| Pooled CREDENCE/DAPA-CKD Population (N=8483)a | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Patients Who Discontinued RAS Blockade (n=740) | Patients Who did Not Discontinue RAS Blockade (n=7743) | P Value |
| Randomized to SGLT2i | 348 (47.0) | 3909 (50.5) | 0.08 |
| Age, yr | 62.2 (11.4) | 63.0 (10.7) | 0.07 |
| Female | 225 (30.4) | 2629 (34.0) | 0.06 |
| Race, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| White | 367 (49.6) | 4739 (61.2) | |
| Black | 44 (5.9) | 360 (4.6) | |
| Asian | 270 (36.5) | 1997 (25.8) | |
| Other | 59 (8.0) | 647 (8.4) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.8 (6.7) | 30.5 (6.2) | 0.01 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 138.6 (18.6) | 138.6 (16.3) | 0.97 |
| Glycated hemoglobin, % | 7.8 (1.7) | 7.7 (1.6) | 0.23 |
| Serum potassium, mmol/L | 4.6 (0.6) | 4.6 (0.5) | 0.001 |
| Serum potassium, mmol/L, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| <5 | 518 (70.1) | 6016 (77.8) | |
| ≥5 | 221 (29.9) | 1715 (22.2) | |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 44.9 (15.2) | 50.4 (17.0) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| <45 | 428 (57.8) | 3318 (42.9) | |
| 45–60 | 203 (27.4) | 2445 (31.6) | |
| >60 | 109 (14.7) | 1979 (25.6) | |
| UACR, mg/g, n (%) | 0.003 | ||
| <300 | 66 (8.9) | 883 (11.4) | |
| 300–1000 | 281 (38.0) | 3236 (41.8) | |
| >1000 | 393 (53.1) | 3624 (46.8) | |
| Duration of diabetes, yr | 15.5 (8.9) | 15.4 (9.1) | 0.87 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 645 (87.2) | 6506 (84.0) | 0.03 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 358 (48.4) | 3389 (43.8) | 0.02 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 91 (12.3) | 1010 (13.0) | 0.67 |
| Use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonistsb, n (%) | 22 (3.0) | 192 (2.5) | 0.49 |
Data are n (%) and mean (SD). CREDENCE, canagliflozin and renal events in diabetes with established nephropathy clinical evaluation; DAPA-CKD, dapagliflozin and prevention of adverse outcomes in CKD; RAS, renin–angiotensin system; SGLT2i, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor; UACR, urine albumin:creatinine ratio.
Fifteen patients from the intention-to-treat population in canagliflozin and renal events in diabetes with established nephropathy clinical evaluation (N=4401) were excluded as they did not have any recorded renin–angiotensin system blockade at baseline, had dual use of both an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker at baseline, or discontinued renin–angiotensin system blockade on the day of randomization. Two hundred and seven patients from the intention-to-treat population in dapagliflozin and prevention of adverse outcomes in CKD (N=4304) were excluded as they did not have any recorded renin–angiotensin system blockade at baseline, had dual use of both an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker at baseline, or discontinued renin–angiotensin system blockade on the day of randomization.
Data on use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are available for dapagliflozin and prevention of adverse outcomes in CKD only, owing to the fact that the use of these medications was contraindicated in the canagliflozin and renal events in diabetes with established nephropathy clinical evaluation trial at baseline due to early concerns about the potential risk of hyperkalemia with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.