TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of training and validation sets.
| Overall (n = 17125) | Training set (n = 11993) | Validation set (n = 5132) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.719 | |||
| Male | 8480 (49.5) | 5969 (49.4) | 2511 (49.0) | |
| Female | 8645 (50.5) | 6024 (50.6) | 2621 (51.0) | |
| Race | 0.300 | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 4123 (24.1) | 2865 (12.5) | 1258 (13.3) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 2600 (15.2) | 1766 (5.5) | 834 (6.0) | |
| Mexican American | 2339 (13.7) | 1659 (9.7) | 680 (9.9) | |
| Other race | 8063 (47.1) | 5703 (72.2) | 2360 (70.9) | |
| Marital | 0.249 | |||
| With partner | 9985 (58.3) | 7010 (63.8) | 2975 (62.1) | |
| Without partner | 5125 (29.9) | 3590 (25.3) | 1535 (26.0) | |
| Never married | 2015 (11.8) | 1393 (10.9) | 622 (11.9) | |
| Education | 0.347 | |||
| High school or above | 14551 (85) | 10223 (92.4) | 4328 (92.0) | |
| Less than High School | 2574 (15) | 1770 (7.6) | 804 (8.0) | |
| Age, year | 56.45 ± 0.22 | 56.50 ± 0.25 | 56.31 ± 0.29 | 0.484 |
| Weight, kg | 86.99 ± 0.23 | 87.25 ± 0.26 | 86.36 ± 0.38 | 0.035 |
| Height, cm | 168.19 ± 0.12 | 168.23 ± 0.13 | 168.08 ± 0.22 | 0.543 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30.63 ± 0.08 | 30.71 ± 0.09 | 30.42 ± 0.12 | 0.033 |
| WBC, 10^9/L | 7.40 ± 0.03 | 7.39 ± 0.04 | 7.42 ± 0.05 | 0.436 |
| Monocyte, 10^9/L | 0.58 ± 0.00 | 0.58 ± 0.00 | 0.59 ± 0.01 | 0.042 |
| Lymphocyte, 10^9/L | 2.12 ± 0.01 | 2.11 ± 0.01 | 2.15 ± 0.02 | 0.171 |
| Neutrophil, 10^9/L | 4.43 ± 0.02 | 4.44 ± 0.03 | 4.42 ± 0.03 | 0.660 |
| RBC, 10^12/L | 4.68 ± 0.01 | 4.68 ± 0.01 | 4.69 ± 0.01 | 0.651 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 14.29 ± 0.03 | 14.29 ± 0.03 | 14.29 ± 0.04 | 0.979 |
| PLT, 10^9/L | 253.22 ± 0.96 | 253.04 ± 1.11 | 253.63 ± 1.39 | 0.713 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.83 ± 0.01 | 5.84 ± 0.01 | 5.80 ± 0.01 | 0.041 |
| Albumin, g/L | 42.56 ± 0.05 | 42.52 ± 0.05 | 42.64 ± 0.07 | 0.114 |
| Cr, μmol/L | 83.06 ± 0.43 | 83.34 ± 0.52 | 82.37 ± 0.60 | 0.183 |
| UA, μmol/L | 343.52 ± 1.00 | 343.43 ± 1.15 | 343.73 ± 1.47 | 0.854 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 139.11 ± 0.05 | 139.12 ± 0.05 | 139.09 ± 0.06 | 0.508 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.02 ± 0.01 | 4.02 ± 0.01 | 4.01 ± 0.01 | 0.250 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.35 ± 0.01 | 1.35 ± 0.01 | 1.35 ± 0.01 | 0.454 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 3.04 ± 0.01 | 3.04 ± 0.01 | 3.03 ± 0.02 | 0.702 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.72 ± 0.02 | 1.72 ± 0.02 | 1.71 ± 0.03 | 0.747 |
| SBP, mmHg | 134.25 ± 0.26 | 134.20 ± 0.28 | 134.35 ± 0.38 | 0.706 |
| DBP, mmHg | 74.09 ± 0.23 | 74.01 ± 0.24 | 74.28 ± 0.31 | 0.374 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 0.295 | |||
| yes | 3409 (19.9) | 2372 (16.7) | 1037 (17.5) | |
| no | 13716 (80.1) | 9621 (83.3) | 4095 (82.5) | |
| Diabetes | 0.002 | |||
| yes | 6423 (37.5) | 4535 (33.6) | 1888 (30.6) | |
| no | 10702 (62.5) | 7458 (66.4) | 3244 (69.4) | |
| Beta-blockers | 0.807 | |||
| yes | 4025 (23.5) | 2817 (22.7) | 1208 (22.5) | |
| no | 13100 (76.5) | 9176 (77.3) | 3924 (77.5) | |
| Calcium channel blockers | 0.741 | |||
| yes | 3421 (20) | 2385 (17.0) | 1036 (16.7) | |
| no | 13704 (80) | 9608 (83.0) | 4096 (83.3) | |
| ACEI/ARB | 0.694 | |||
| yes | 6915 (40.4) | 4820 (39.4) | 2095 (39.8) | |
| no | 10210 (59.6) | 7173 (60.6) | 3037 (60.2) | |
| Diuretics | 0.036 | |||
| yes | 4949 (28.9) | 3457 (27.0) | 1492 (29.0) | |
| no | 12176 (71.1) | 8536 (73.0) | 3640 (71.0) | |
| Statins | 0.231 | |||
| yes | 4928 (28.8) | 3466 (28.4) | 1462 (27.2) | |
| no | 12197 (71.2) | 8527 (71.6) | 3670 (72.8) |
Categorical data are presented as weighted means ± standard deviations, while continuous data are expressed as percentages.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WBC, white blood cell count; RBC, red blood cell count; Cr, Creatinine; UA, uric acid; TG: triglyceride; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LDL-C, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; HDL-C, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; HbA1C, glycosylated hemoglobin; ACEI/ARB, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin II, receptor antagonists.