TABLE 3.

Enriched pathways of differentially expressed genes of sham-inseminated hens at peak lay compared to early lay.

Direction	Pathways	nGenes	adj.Pval
Downregulated	Extracellular structure organization	26	3.8e-05
	Extracellular matrix organization	25	4.2e-05
	External encapsulating structure organization	25	4.2e-05
	Cell cycle	93	2.2e-04
	Attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore	9	3.3e-04
	Cell cycle process	69	4.4e-04
	Nuclear chromosome segregation	27	4.4e-04
	Mitotic cell cycle	56	5.4e-04
	Nuclear division	34	8.8e-04
	Microtubule-based process	67	9.3e-04
	Chromosome segregation	28	1.0e-03
	Cell adhesion	78	1.0e-03
	Biological adhesion	78	1.0e-03
	Organelle fission	36	1.0e-03
	Movement of cell or subcellular component	103	2.1e-03
Upregulated	Response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	23	5.7e-06
	Ion transport	77	4.2e-05
	Protein targeting to ER	9	4.2e-05
	Transport	165	1.4e-04
	Establishment of localization	169	1.4e-04
	Establishment of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum	9	1.4e-04
	Inorganic ion homeostasis	30	1.7e-04
	Ion homeostasis	31	2.6e-04
	Cation homeostasis	29	2.6e-04
	Cellular homeostasis	32	4.7e-04
	Cellular ion homeostasis	25	6.4e-04
	Chemical homeostasis	39	6.4e-04
	Cellular chemical homeostasis	29	6.4e-04
	Transmembrane transport	79	6.4e-04
	Protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum	9	6.4e-04