Table 2.

Hyperlipidemia¹ incidence rates (per 100 person years) and rate ratios among ART-naïve adults with HIV initiating ART in the HIV Outpatient Study, USA, 2007–2021 (N = 349).

	IR (95% CI)	RR (95% CI)	P value2	aRR3 (95% CI)	P value2
Total	16.0 (13.9, 18.6)
ART regimen type
RAL	12.8 (8.4–19.4)	Ref		Ref
DTG	22.3 (15.2–32.7)	1.75 (0.99, 3.08)	0.05	1.73 (0.95, 3.17)	0.07
INSTI-others4	22.7 (16.3–31.7)	1.78 (1.04, 3.04)	0.03	2.25 (1.29, 3.93)	0.005
Non-INSTI-PI	17.4 (12.9–23.4)	1.36 (0.81, 2.27)	0.24	1.89 (1.12, 3.19)	0.018
Non-INSTI-non-PI	12.6 (9.7–16.4)	0.99 (0.60, 1.62)	0.96	1.55 (0.92, 2.62)	0.09
Age/10 years	NA	1.31 (1.02, 1.64)	<0.0001	1.38 (1.22, 1.57)	<0.0001
BMI/5 units	NA	1.11 (0.89, 1.38)	0.06
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	25.6 (19.7, 33.4)	1.86 (1.35, 2.55)	<0.0001	2.22 (1.61, 3.08)	<0.0001
Others	13.8 (11.6, 16.4)	Ref		Ref
Type of HOPS site
Public	24.5 (19.2, 31.1)	Ref
Private	13.4 (11.2, 16.1)	0.55 (0.41, 0.74)	<0.0001
Sex at birth
Female	15.7 (11.8, 21.0)	0.97 (0.69, 1.36)	0.86
Male	16.2 (13.7, 19.1)	Ref
Nadir CD4 count/100 cells	NA3	0.95 (0.89, 1.03)	0.23
TDF use
Yes	13.2 (11.0, 15.8)	Ref		Ref
No (TAF and ABC)	27.1 (21.2, 34.7)	2.05 (1.51, 2.79)	0.001	1.84 (1.23, 2.75)	0.003

ABC, abacavir; ART, antiretroviral therapy; aRR, adjusted rate ratios; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DTG, dolutegravir; RAL, raltegravir; INSTIs, integrase strand transfer inhibitors; IR, incidence rate; NA, not applicable; PI, protease inhibitor; RR, rate ratio; TAF, tenofovir alafenamide; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. ¹Hyperlipidemia is defined based on diagnosis, starting antilipidemic treatments, non-HDL-C ≥160 mg/dL, LDL-C ≥130 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, or total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL. ²P values were derived from the chi-squared test. ³aRR was derived from Poisson regression, and the model was adjusted for age/10 years, race/ethnicity, type of the HOPS site, and TDF use. The ⁴INSTI-others group included bictegravir and elvitegravir.