Table 3.

The Approach to Family Art Therapy Based on the Psychocybernetic Model of Art Therapy (PMAT).

Phase	Time	Contents
Unfreezing phase	10 min	Guiding the client on the purpose of visual expression and the therapeutic process Spending time with the therapist and participant to share topics, explore mediums, and discuss current feelings, aiming to relax and release tension
Doing phase	15~20 min	Creating an atmosphere that allows participants to concentrate and freely express emotions Facilitating opportunities for perception through the creative process
Dialoguing phase	20~25 min	Having the opportunity to introduce and communicate about the visual outcomes (i.e., the artwork)
Ending phase	5 min	Sharing overall impressions of the art-making process and discussing the significance of the experience