Table 4.

Spirituality-based Care Continuum (Example).

Spirituality property	Spiritual strengths	⇄	Spiritual needs based on spirituality attributes	Expressing spiritual needs		Spiritual matters	Intervention goals	Spiritual intervention	Spiritual assessment (6-point scale)	End result
				Key Aspects	Example
Meaning and purpose	• Meaning of life • Trying to find meaning • Love • Gratitude • Compassion/Forgiveness • Beliefs or beliefs • Tranquility • Acceptance • Hope for the afterlife		Existential needs (the need to find purpose and meaning in life)	• No hope for future health and life • State of hopelessness	• “My life is getting shorter and shorter” • “There is no reason for me to live” • “I don’t want to live” • “I don’t know what lies ahead of me”	Despair and hopelessness	Finding hope and meaning (Hope)	• Help the patient express their feelings of hopelessness and listen and empathize with them. • Try to have conversations that take the weight of reality off the patient’s shoulders. • Help to find ways to make the patient’s time count. • Find something to do together that will motivate the patient’s (e.g., create a bucket list).	Regain motivation through hope and finding meaning.	Spiritual well-being
				• Lack of meaning • Questions about the meaning of one’s existence • Questions about the meaning of pain • Seeking spiritual help • A sense of futility about one’s life • Falling apart. • desperate attitude • Apathy, indifference, depression, helplessness • Expression of futility • One’s own worthlessness	• “My life (my life) is meaningless” • “I feel useless” • “What’s the point of living like this?” • “It’s all for nothing” • “I don’t know what the future holds” • “Why do I have to be so sick?”	Lack of meaning and purpose	Finding hope and meaning (Meaning of suffering)	• Listen when the patient expresses skepticism about the value of life. • Help the patient gain awareness of reality through listening and counseling. • Inform the patient that their life has meaning and purpose. • Provide opportunities for visits by family and friends who are meaningful to the patient. • Confirm that the patient is worthy of care through warm physical support.	Find hope and rewarding meaning.