Supplemental Table 2. Characteristics of participants according to family history.
| Family history | No | Yes | P for difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 6753 | 992 | |
| Age, years | 57.4 (13.6) | 56.7 (12.4) | 0.160 |
| Women, % | 5110 (75.7) | 801 (80.7) | 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.7 (3.4) | 22.9 (3.7) | 0.033 |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 87.8 (15.6) | 91.5 (22.1) | ＜0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.5 (0.5) | 5.7 (0.7) | ＜0.001 |
| Prevalence of diabetes, % | 319 (4.7) | 148 (14.9) | ＜0.001 |
| Treatment for diabetes | 228 (3.4) | 116 (11.7) | ＜0.001 |
| GGT, IU/L | 19.0 [14.0, 30.0] | 20.0 [15.0, 31.0] | 0.418 |
| METs, MET-min/week | 67.5 [9.0, 200.6] | 72.0 [9.5, 197.6] | 0.828 |
| Smoking status, % | 0.033 | ||
| Never-smoker | 4494 (66.5) | 673 (67.8) | |
| Ex-smoker | 1512 (22.4) | 236 (23.8) | |
| Current smoker | 747 (11.1) | 83 (8.4) | |
| Drinking status, % | 0.140 | ||
| Never-drinker | 2936 (43.5) | 437 (44.1) | |
| Ex-drinker | 157 (2.3) | 22 (2.2) | |
| Current drinker (＜23g/day) | 2532 (37.5) | 395 (39.8) | |
| Current drinker (≥ 23g/day) | 1128 (16.7) | 138 (13.9) | |
| Healthy lifestyle factors | |||
| Non-obesity | 5269 (78.0) | 750 (75.6) | 0.095 |
| Never-smoker | 4494 (66.5) | 673 (67.8) | 0.440 |
| Regular physical activity | 3004 (44.5) | 426 (42.9) | 0.380 |
| GGT, ＜50.0 IU/L | 6028 (89.3) | 878 (88.5) | 0.509 |
| PRS | -0.00028 (0.00005) | -0.0027 (0.00004) | ＜0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; METs, metabolic equivalents; PRS, polygenic risk score
Diabetes: defined as non-fasting glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL, hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5, and/or self-reported treatment for diabetes.
Non-obesity: defined as BMI ＜25.0 kg/m2 based on the Western Pacific Region of the World Health Organization criteria for Japanese individuals. Never-smoker: defined as participants who had smoked ＜100 cigarettes during their lifetime.
Regular physical activity: defined as meeting the American Heart Association recommendations of at least 150 min of moderate activity per week or 75 min of vigorous activity per week (or an equivalent combination).
A higher GGT was defined as GGT ≥ 50 IU/L based on health examination in Japan.
To compare the characteristics of participants with and without family history of diabetes, we used the Student’s t-test for continuous variables, Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric variables, and the χ2-test for categorical variables.