Table 3. Average blood transfusion rates by geographical region.

The benign group includes polycystic liver disease, hemangioma, and liver stones. The MIS group included laparoscopic surgery, Minimally invasive liver resection, and robotic surgery. The Western group includes Belgium, Brazil, France, Serbia, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Egypt, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden. The Eastern group includes China, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, and Vietnam.

SD, standard deviation; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; ICC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; MIS, minimal invasive surgery.