Table 3.
The convergent validity, and reliability of each construct in the model.
| Constructs/Items | Statements | Factor loadings (CFA) | Cronbach's Alpha | Composite reliability | Average variance extracted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High–performance human resource management system | |||||
| Training: Mean = 3.785, SD = 0.714 | |||||
| TRA1 | The company's employees are trained every period | 0.813 | 0.894 | 0.897 | 0.686 |
| TRA 2 | The company provides our employees with a formal training program to them for promotion | 0.871 | |||
| TRA 3 | The company provides comprehensive training for employees | 0.888 | |||
| TRA 4 | The company has formal training programs to teach new employees work skills | 0.731 | |||
| Job analysis: Mean = 3.961, SD = 0.657 | |||||
| JA1 | There is a clear definition of employees work responsibilities | 0.769 | 0.892 | 0.895 | 0.853 |
| JA2 | The responsibilities manual of employees includes all the responsibilities of employees | 0.862 | |||
| JA3 | The employees can be in strict compliance with the specification of responsibilities manual in practical work | 0.870 | |||
| JA4 | The company will promptly revise the responsibilities manual when necessary | 0.795 | |||
| Employee development: Mean = 3.759, SD = 0.698 | |||||
| ED1 | The employees have a clear career path within the company | 0.863 | 0.912 | 0.905 | 0.704 |
| ED2 | Direct superiors learn the occupation development intention of the employees | 0.852 | |||
| ED3 | Employees have more than one suitable position to achieve promotion | 0.853 | |||
| ED4 | There is career development for employees working in this company | 0.787 | |||
| Employee participation: Mean = 3.972, SD = 0.631 | |||||
| EP1 | Managers and employees constantly make open and honest communication | 0.827 | 0.791 | 0.800 | 0.574 |
| EP2 | Company employees have the opportunity to put forward the recommendation on improving the working methods | 0.769 | |||
| EP3 | The managers of the company often make decisions referring to the views of staff | 0.668 | |||
| Performance evaluation: Mean = 3.948. SD = 0.684 | |||||
| PE1 | The performance is usually measured as the objective and quantifiable results in the company | 0.927 | – | 0.908 | 0.832 |
| PE2 | The employees' performance appraisal is based on the objective and quantifiable results | 0.897 | |||
| Job security: Mean = 3.759, SD = 0.698 | |||||
| JS1 | It is challenging to dismiss an employee in this job | 0.805 | 0.839 | 0.850 | 0.587 |
| JS2 | Job security is almost guaranteed to employees in this job | 0.710 | |||
| JS3 | If the enterprise were facing economic problems, employees in this job would be the last to get cut | 0.740 | |||
| JS4 | Employees in this job can expect to stay in the organization for as long as they wish | 0.804 | |||
| Innovation | |||||
| Production of innovation cogitation: Mean = 3.969, SD = 0.634 | |||||
| PD1 | The employees can create new ideas for improving the work | 0.860 | 0.850 | 0.857 | 0.668 |
| PD2 | The employees are constantly searching out new working methods, techniques, or instruments | 0.876 | |||
| PD3 | The employees can generate original solutions to problems | 0.705 | |||
| Promotion of Innovation cogitation: Mean = 4.033, SD = 0.635 | |||||
| PM1 | The company mobilizes support for innovative ideas | 0.864 | 0.881 | 0.885 | 0.720 |
| PM2 | Innovative thinking can acquire approval for creative ideas | 0.875 | |||
| PM3 | The company makes important organizational members enthusiastic for innovative ideas | 0.805 | |||
| Implementation of Innovative behavior: Mean = 3.860, SD = 0.675 | |||||
| IM1 | Innovative thinking can be turned into useful methods. | 0.882 | 0.910 | 0.911 | 0.774 |
| IM2 | Innovative thinking can be introduced into work with the systematic method | 0.897 | |||
| IM3 | The company will evaluate the effectiveness of innovative thinking | 0.860 | |||
| Firm performance | |||||
| Market performance: Mean = 3.680, SD = 0.709 | |||||
| MAR1 | The company's sales margins maintain a high level in the same industry | 0.879 | 0.953 | 0.954 | 0.805 |
| MAR 2 | The company's overall performance is very good | 0.914 | |||
| MAR 3 | The company's market share maintains a high level in the same industry | 0.925 | |||
| MAR 4 | The company's competitive position is very favorable | 0.885 | |||
| MAR 5 | The company's sales growth rate maintains a high level in the same industry | 0.883 | |||
| Operating performance: Mean = 3.655, SD = 0.701 | |||||
| OP1 | Over the past three years, the company's return on assets has been higher | 0.859 | 0.873 | 0.910 | 0.773 |
| OP2 | The company's sales margins maintain a high level in the same industry | 0.839 | |||
| OP3 | The company's profit is higher | 0.936 | |||