Table 1.
Prevention and treatment of presbycusis with TCM.
| Approach | Experiment evidence | Name | Objects (Gender; Age; Intervention) | Mechanism | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formula | In vivo | Erlong Zuoci Decoction | C57BL/6J mice; Male, 3 m; fed | anti-apoptotic（mRNA and protein of p53, Bak↓） | [88] |
| Erlong Zuoci Pill | GM-induced cochlear basilar membrane of kunming mice (P2–P3) | Reduction of GM-induced ototoxicity (cochlear hair cells loss ↓) | [89] | ||
| Zuogui Pill | Dgal-induced C57BL/6 mice; Male; fed | hearing threshold levels of 8 kHz and 16 kHz ↓ | [90] | ||
| Jian Er preparation | C57BL/6J mice; half male and female; drinking tap water containing TCM | Anti-oxidant (ABR thresholds from 8 to 48 KHz ↓, MDA contents in cochlear tissue, auditory cortex and liver ↓) | [91] | ||
| Jian Er preparation | C57BL/6J mice; half male and female; drinking tap water containing TCM | Anti-oxidation, anti-apoptotic (lipid peroxidation and MDA levels, Cyt-C and caspase-3 mRNA expression ↓) | [92] | ||
| Fucong Decoction | DBA/2J mice; half male and female; 4w; orally | Prevent the process of hair cell death (ABR threshold ↓, survival rate of cochlea hair cells↑; protein of prestin↑) | [93] | ||
| In vitro | Erlong Zuoci | H2O2-induced HEI-OC1 cell | Anti-aging, anti-inflammatory (SA-β-gal activity ↓, proteins of p-P53, P21 and p-Stat3 ↓, p-ERK↑) | [94] | |
| Erlong Zuoci Pill | HEI-OC1 cell transfected with a miR-34a mimic | Regulate autophagy and apoptosis (protein of miR-34a, ac-p53, cleaved caspase 3, LC3Ⅱ and p62↓, SIRT1↑) | [95] | ||
| Yiqi congming Decoction | HEI-OC1 cells | Modulate apoptosis (ΔΨM↑, γH2AX↓, cleaved caspase-3↓) | [96] | ||
| Extract | In vivo | KRG | C57BL/6 mice; Male; 3 m; drinking water containing KRG | Modulate mitochondrial apoptotic (Bcl-xL↑, Cyt-C↓) | [97] |
| Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) | SD rat; Male and female; 12 m; drinking water contain EGb761 | Anti-oxidation, anti-apoptotic (ATP ↑, protein of Bax, caspase-3/7 and caspase 9↓, Bcl-xL ↑) | [98] | ||
| Polyphenols | SD rat; 3, 6, 12, 18 24 m; female; mixture of polyphenols in the drinking water | Anti-oxidation (improved ASSR and tone-burst ABR auditory thresholds; ROS, RNS, superoxide anions and nitrotyrosine↓; caspase-3, caspase-9, annexin-V, p53, 8-OHdG and Bax↓, Bcl-2, ATP↑) |
[[99], [100], [101]] | ||
| Compounds | Resveratrol (PubChem CID: 445154) | C57BL/6 mice; 1–3 m, 12–16 m; dietary supplementation with Resveratrol | ABR threshold shifts at 4, 8 and 16 kHz↓, loss of outer hair cells in the apical turn↓ | [102] | |
| Apocynin (PubChem CID: 2214) | D-gal induced SD rat; Male; 1 m; intraperitoneally administered | Anti-apoptotic (protein of 8-OHdG, p-p47phox, TNFα, UCP2, Cyt-C and cleaved-caspase 3↓, activity of NADPH, H2O2↓, T-SOD and GSH-Px ↑, levels of ATP and MMP ↑) | [103] | ||
| In vitro | Ursolic Acid (PubChem CID: 64945) | H2O2-induced HEI-OC1 cell | Anti-oxidation (activity of MDA↓, CAT and GPX↑) | [104] | |
| Resveratrol (PubChem CID: 445154) | H2O2-induced HEI-OC1 cell | Anti-apoptotic (Ac-p53↓, 4HNE↓, 5-fluorouracil↓, miR-34a↓) | [102] | ||
| Acupuncture | Clinic | 126 senile SNHL patients; 60–69 years old; Acupuncture points: Tinggong (SI 19), Tinghui (GB 2), and Yifeng (SJ 17), acupoint injection and auricular point pressing | Improve pure tone hearing threshold and tinnitus | [105] |
↑, upgrade; ↓, downgrade.