. 2023 Dec 1;9(12):e23144. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23144

Table 4.

pH decrease* of MRS broth after Lacticaseibacillus casei ATCC 393 inoculum in free form, in 1.5 % alginate microcapsules (MC) and in chitosan-alginate microcapsules (CMC), not sonicated (LC), 6-min sonicated (LC_S6), 8-min sonicated (LC_S8).

Samples	Free form	MC	CMC
Samples	6 h of incubation
LC	0.48 ± 0.03^Aa	0.26 ± 0.01^Ab	0.22 ± 0.05^Ab
LC_S6	0.14 ± 0.02^Ba	0.16 ± 0.01^Ba	0.16 ± 0.01^Ba
LC_S8	0.11 ± 0.03^Ba	0.15 ± 0.01^Ba	0.15 ± 0.01^Ba
	24 h of incubation
LC	2.17 ± 0.04^Aa	2.04 ± 0.05^Aa	1.54 ± 0.09^Ab
LC_S6	2.10 ± 0.02^Aa	1.83 ± 0.07^Aa	1.49 ± 0.04^Ab
LC_S8	1.04 ± 0.03^Ba	0.77 ± 0.01^Bb	0.31 ± 0.03^Bc

* Data are reported as mean values ± standard deviation (n = 3). Different capital letter in the same column indicates significant difference (p < 0.05) within 6 or 24 h of incubation; different lowercase letter in the same row indicates significant difference (p < 0.05).