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. 2023 Sep 11;46(4):1629–1642. doi: 10.1007/s13246-023-01325-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Overview of the Nuss procedure simulation according to the metal bar displacement method: (a) Extraction of a chest wall 3D model from the CT image; (b) Fabrication of the 3D model with ICM, defined as the plane connecting the centroids of adjacent ribs; (c) Construction of the chest wall and metal bar FEM; (d) Scenarios for the displacement of the metal bar; (e) Performance and result indicators of simulations. Analysis is performed for T, RE, and REM scenarios; (f) Comparative analysis with the results of the actual surgery