Table 2.

Treatment, outcome and treatment limitations

	Overall (n = 1042)	No AKI (n = 761)	AKI (n = 267)	p
Treatment
IMV (n, %)	545 (52.4)	312 (41.0)	227 (85.0)	< 0.001
Prone Positioning (n, %)	528 (51.0)	322 (42.5)	199 (74.8)	< 0.001
Vasopressors (n, %)	544 (52.7)	313 (41.3)	229 (86.4)	< 0.001
Corticosteroids (n, %)	840 (83.9)	618 (83.4)	209 (85.0)	0.565
RRT (n, %)	126 (12.3)	16 (2.1)	110 (41.4)	< 0.001
ECMO (n, %)
vv-ECMO	37 (3.6)	19 (2.5)	18 (6.8)	< 0.001
va-ECMO	3 (0.3)	0	3 (1.1)	< 0.001
Days IMV (median, IQR)	13 (7–23)	12 (7–20)	16 (9–29)	0.003
Days NIV (median, IQR)	4 (1–7)	4 (2–7)	2 (1–6)	< 0.001
Days NHF (median, IQR)	3 (1–7)	4 (2–7)	2 (1–4)	< 0.001
Days Prone Positioning (median, IQR)	3 (1–6)	3 (1–5)	4 (2–7)	0.050
Days RRT (median, IQR)	9 (3–18)	9 (1–14)	9 (3–19)	0.997
Days ECMO (median, IQR)	21 (12–30)	25 (14–32)	20 (11–28)	0.763
Antiviral Drugs (n, %)	244 (23.8)	198 (26.1)	46 (17.2)	0.004
Remdesivir (n, %)	99 (9.6)	76 (10.0)	23 (8.6)	0.513
Corticosteroids (n, %)	827 (83.8)	618 (83.4)	209 (85.0)	0.565
Outcome
ICU death (n, %)	241 (23.1)	112 (14.7)	126 (47.2)	< 0.001
Hospital death (n, %)	275 (26.4)	131 (17.2)	139 (52.1)	< 0.001
Length of hospital stay (median, IQR)	21 (13–36)	20 (13–32)	28 (15–48)	< 0.001
Length of ICU stay(median, IQR)	11 (5–22)	9 (4–17)	19 (9–33)	< 0.001
Treatment limitations
DNR (n, %)	183 (17.6)	105 (13.8)	74 (27.7)	< 0.001
No further intervention (n, %)	102 (9.8)	72 (9.5)	26 (9.7)	0.895
No ECMO (n, %)	148 (14.2)	81 (10.6)	64 (24.0)	< 0.001
BSC (n, %)	116 (11.1)	50 (6.6)	65 (24.3)	< 0.001

IMV invasive mechanical ventilation, RRT renal replacement therapy, NIV non-invasive ventilation, NHF nasal high flow, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ICU intensive care unit, DNR do not resuscitate, BSC best supportive care