Table 2.
Participant hemodynamics, treatment, and severity by census region at the time of enrollment into the Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry
| Variable | U.S. Census Region |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northeast | Midwest | South | West | |
| Hemodynamics at baseline | ||||
| Right atrial pressure, mm Hg | 10 ± 6 | 11 ± 7 | 10 ± 7 | 10 ± 6 |
| Mean pulmonary artery pressure, mm Hg | 48 ± 13 | 50 ± 13 | 48 ± 14 | 50 ± 15 |
| Wedge pressure, mm Hg | 11 ± 5 | 12 ± 6 | 11 ± 6 | 11 ± 5 |
| Cardiac index, ml/min/m2 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.8 |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance, Wood units | 9.4 ± 5.0 | 10.0 ± 5.2 | 9.7 ± 5.6 | 10.7 ± 5.8 |
| Pulmonary vascular compliance, ml/mm Hg | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 1.0 |
| PAH treatment | ||||
| Treatment greater than 6 mo, % | 21.2 | 16.8 | 24.5 | 28.9 |
| PDE5 inhibitor use, % | 78.5 | 84.1 | 72.4 | 81.9 |
| ERA use, % | 56.7 | 51.2 | 59.9 | 54.9 |
| Oral prostacyclin use, % | 5.5 | 6.3 | 14.3 | 10.2 |
| Parenteral prostacyclin use, % | 25.7 | 29.4 | 19.0 | 17.8 |
| Digoxin use, % | 7.2 | 3.6 | 6.3 | 12.7 |
| Anticoagulant use, % | 23.1 | 21.3 | 19.6 | 23.8 |
| Supplemental oxygen use, % | 35.2 | 40.7 | 46.2 | 38.6 |
| Markers of severity at baseline | ||||
| Six-minute walk distance, m | 335 ± 141 | 331 ± 127 | 313 ± 125 | 353 ± 116 |
| Natriuretic peptide (as available) | ||||
| BNP (n = 854) | 371 ± 471 | 243 ± 329 | 313 ± 549 | 293 ± 623 |
| NT-proBNP (n = 737) | 1,918 ± 5,091 | 1,347 ± 1,924 | 1,742 ± 3,305 | 1,642 ± 3,273 |
| NYHA functional class, % | ||||
| I/II | 45.6 | 42.8 | 44.7 | 42.5 |
| III | 49.8 | 51.7 | 48.8 | 49.7 |
| IV | 4.6 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 7.8 |
| ERS risk score, % | ||||
| Low risk | 20.6 | 17.4 | 17.2 | 22.8 |
| Low-intermediate risk | 40.6 | 43.1 | 39.3 | 40.3 |
| High-intermediate risk | 32.6 | 34.5 | 37.8 | 33.6 |
| High risk | 6.2 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 3.3 |
| REVEAL Lite risk score, mean ± SD | 6.4 ± 2.6 | 6.4 ± 2.4 | 6.6 ± 2.5 | 6.2 ± 2.4 |
| EmPHasis-10 score, mean ± SD | 23 ± 12 | 25 ± 12 | 25 ± 13 | 26 ± 12 |
| ER visits and hospitalizations during follow-up | ||||
| ER visits per 100 person-days | 0.7 ± 3.0 | 0.5 ± 1.1 | 0.6 ± 1.6 | 0.5 ± 1.0 |
| Hospitalizations per 100 person-days | 0.5 ± 2.1 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 0.5 ± 1.5 | 0.3 ± 0.8 |
| Hospital days per 100 person-days | 2.7 ± 5.5 | 2.6 ± 6.0 | 3.3 ± 7.9 | 2.4 ± 8.1 |
Definition of abbreviations: BNP = B-type natriuretic peptide; EmPHasis-10 = is a short questionnaire for assessing HRQoL in pulmonary arterial hypertension; ER = emergency room; ERA = endothelin receptor antagonist; ERS risk score = European Respiratory Society four-component risk score; NT-proBNP = N-terminal prohormone BNP; NYHA = New York Heart Association; PAH = pulmonary arterial hypertension; PDE5 = phosphodiesterase 5; REVEAL = Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term PAH Disease Management.
Data are presented as mean ± SD or percentage. Data were gathered at time of enrollment into the Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry (within 6 months of establishing care at an accredited PAH center). BNP + NT-proBNP is more than the sample size, as some participants had both measures.
Bold indicates conceptual domains.