Table. Demographic Characteristics of the Cohorts Before Propensity Score Matchinga.
| Characteristic | %b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLP-1RA(+)/insulin(−) (n = 22 575) | Insulin (+)/GLP-1RA(−) (n = 990 239) | GLP-1RA(+)/metformin(−) (n = 18 520) | Metformin (+)/GLP-1RA(−) (n = 845 150) | |
| Age at index event, mean (SD), y | 55.6 (12.3) | 60.7 (16.3) | 58.2 (12.9) | 58.8 (14.2) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 56.0 | 46.8 | 57.3 | 48.6 |
| Male | 42.6 | 52.7 | 41.4 | 50.8 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic/Latinx | 8.7 | 9.6 | 7.5 | 10.7 |
| Not Hispanic/Latinx | 65.1 | 59.5 | 66.8 | 61.3 |
| Unknown | 26.3 | 30.9 | 25.6 | 28.0 |
| Race | ||||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.02 | 0.4 |
| Asian | 2.3 | 4.4 | 1.9 | 4.2 |
| Black | 12.2 | 17.7 | 14.7 | 16.7 |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.08 | 0.5 |
| White | 70.8 | 61.2 | 69.8 | 61.5 |
| Unknown | 13.9 | 15.0 | 12.7 | 16.7 |
Abbreviation: GLP-1RA, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist.
The status of variables was based on the presence of related clinical codes anytime to 1 day before the index event. Other variables that were not shown but propensity score matched between cohorts include adverse socioeconomic determinants of health (eg, housing and economic circumstance, upbringing, education, physical environment, social environment), family circumstance, family and personal history of cancers, family and personal history of colonic polyps, family history of colorectal cancer, lifestyle factors (eg, exercise, diet, smoking, alcohol drinking), preexisting medical conditions and procedures such as benign neoplasm of the colon and rectum, overweight and obesity, Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, cystic fibrosis, bariatric surgery, colonoscopy, and radiation therapy.
A plus sign (+) indicates that a patient was prescribed a GLP-1RA or non–GLP-1RA antidiabetic medication, while a minus sign (−) indicates that they were not.