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. 2023 Dec 8;21(12):e8413. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8413
Reference Outcome Tier a Risk of bias domains b
Reference Design Outcome Tier Confidence in exposure (KEY) Confidence in outcome (KEY) Randomisation (KEY) Allocation concealment Blinding Attrition Other threats to internal validity
Finley et al. (2003) RCT Steadiness 2 + + + + +
RCT Hostility 2 + + + + +
RCT Anger 2 + + + + +
RCT Behaviour 2 + + + + +

Abbreviations: RCT, Randomised cross‐over trial.

a

The individual rating for each question was combined by an algorithm and translated to an overall tier of reliability for each individual study (RoB tier 1: low RoB; RoB tier 2: moderate RoB; RoB tier 3: high RoB).

b

Expert judgement was translated into a rating scale for each question to be answered as follows: (++): definitely low RoB; (+): probably low RoB; (NR): not reported; (−): probably high RoB; (− −): definitively high RoB.