TABLE 3.
Registered clinical trials in the database ClinicalTrials.gov.
| Countries | Study type | Phase | Official title | Conditions | Interventions | Years and status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States | Interventional | 2 | A Phase II Study of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) With Photofrin® (IND 104,613) For Recurrent High Grade Gliomas in Adults | The photosensitizer applied was Photofrin® (porfimer sodium) (Pinnacle Biologics, Inc., Bannockburn, IL, United States) at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 24 h before planned surgical resection | Standard brain tumor surgery + PDT | 2015–2017 Terminated with Results |
| The tumor was exposed to red laser light. The total light dose was 240 J/cm2 | ||||||
| The light was delivered to the brain via a fiber optic cable. In order to distribute the light evenly, a knob is placed at the end of the optical fiber | ||||||
| Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, United States | Interventional | 1 | Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) for Poor Prognosis Recurrent/Refractory Malignant Brain Tumors - A Phase I Study | The photosensitizer used was Photofrin (porfimer sodium). The dose was gradually increased in the study. The photosensitizer was administered 24 h before resection and PDT. The light was delivered to the brain via optical fiber. The purpose of the Intralipid applied was to disperse light and provide even coverage | Standard brain tumor surgery + PDT | 2013–2018 Completed |
| Buffalo, New York, United States | Interventional | 1 | Phase I Study of the Safety of Intracavitary Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) of the Brain Bordering Resected Recurrent Glioblastoma or Gliosarcoma Using Intravenous Photobac® and a Balloon Light Applicator | The photosensitizer used was Photobac®, which was administered 24 h before the procedure. During treatment, the dose will be increased in 8 steps | Standard brain tumor surgery + PDT | 2023–2026 Recruiting |
| The light source used was a laser with an energy of 50 J/cm2 and a wavelength of 787 nm | ||||||
| Englewood, Colorado, United States | Interventional | 3 | Prospective Clinical Trials in the Use of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) for the Treatment of Malignant Supratentorial Brain Tumors | The intravenously administered photosensitizer was Photofrin (porfimer sodium). No information about the wavelength of laser light or the type of laser. Exposure time: 5 days a week for 5–6 weeks. The group of patients was also divided depending on the dose. Additionally, patients with a lower light dose received chemotherapy with procarbazine | Standard brain tumor surgery + PDT + chemotherapy | 1998- no data Unknown status |
| Buffalo, New York, United States | ||||||
| Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United states | ||||||
| Toronto, Ontario, Canada | ||||||
| Cleveland, Ohio, United States | Interventional | 3 | A Randomized Prospective Two Arm Clinical Trial of High Light Dose and Low Light Dose PDT in the Treatment of Recurrent Malignant Supratentorial Gliomas Using Porfimer Sodium [Photofrin] | The photosensitizer used was Photofrin (porfimer sodium) | Standard brain tumor surgery + PDT | 2005–2006 Completed |
| No information about the wavelength of laser light or the type of laser. The patients were divided into two groups. The differentiating factor was the dose of laser light | ||||||
| Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States | Interventional | 1 | Photodynamic Therapy for Childhood Brain Tumors, A Phase I Study | The photosensitizer used was Verteporfin. The study aimed to determine the maximum tolerated dose of a photosensitizer. No information about the wavelength of laser light or the type of laser | Standard brain tumor surgery + PDT | 1994- no data Unknown status |
| Seattle, Washington, United States | Interventional | 1 | A Phase 1 Study of Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) to Enhance Visualization and Resection of Malignant Glial Tumors of the Brain | The photosensitizer used was aminolevulinic acid. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal dose of photosensitizer | Standard brain tumor surgery with intra-operative frameless MRI stereotactic guidance and intra-operative ultrasound guidance | 2010–2012 Terminated |
| The photosensitizer was administered orally 4 h before surgery | ||||||
| No information about the wavelength of laser light or the type of laser. Patients were monitored with MRI within 48 h of completion of surgery | ||||||
| Taipei, Taiwan | Interventional | 2 | Prospective, Open-labeled, Clinical Trial in Compassionate Use to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Malignant Intracranial Tumors | The photosensitizer administered intravenously was Photosan® at a dose of 2 mg/kg. Red halogen light with a wavelength in the range of 625–635 nm was used. Irradiation dose with an energy density of 100 J/cm2 with a power density of 500 mW/cm2 to 600 mW/cm2 | 2009- the study was withdrawn | |
| Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador | Observational | - | 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) Gliolan®: Usage Increase Proposal for Neurosurgical Procedures in High-Grade Gliomas | Patients will be administered Gliolan® orally 3 hours (range 2–4 h) before anesthesia. No information about the wavelength of laser light or the type of laser | Fluorescence-Guided Surgery using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) | 2023–2026 Not yet recruiting |