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. 2023 Dec 8;22:85. doi: 10.1186/s12940-023-01038-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — The joint association of the included air pollutant exposure and genetic categories with the risk of incident CAD in the UK Biobank. A Joint effects of PM_2.5 and genetic variations; (B) Joint effects of PM₁₀ and genetic variations; (C) Joint effects of NO₂ and genetic variations; (D) Joint effects of NO_x and genetic variations. Adjusted for age (continuous), sex (male/female), alcohol consumption (never, previous, current, missing), smoking status (never, previous, current, missing), body mass index (< 25 kg/m², 25 to 29.9 kg/m², ≥ 30 kg/m², missing), education level (College or University degree, A/AS-level, O-level/GCSE, CSE, NVQ/HND/HNC, other qualifications, none), UK Biobank assessment center, physical activity (continuous, MET-min/week), diabetes at baseline (yes/no), cardiovascular disease at baseline (yes/no), genotyping batch, and the first 4 genetic principal components