Table 3.
Mean differences in estimated annual haemodialysis and ESRD costs
| Annual HD cost ($) | Annual ESRD cost ($) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Mean | Std. Deviation | P-value | Mean | Std. Deviation | P-value | |
| Gender+ | Male | 4312.73 | 3572.09 | 0.612 | 7208.25 | 12872.45 | 0.878 |
| Female | 4641.85 | 5185.84 | 7618.88 | 10377.66 | |||
| Age++ | 60+ | 4992.02 | 4778.15 | 8529.83 | 9576.69 | ||
| 40–59 | 3966.75 | 3273.24 | 0.211 | 5385.63 | 5620.94 | 0.022* | |
| < 40 | 3628.56 | 3511.52 | 7546.42 | 22495.55 | |||
| Marital status++ | Single | 3485.36 | 3328.86 | 7135.92 | 20184.09 | ||
| Married | 4974.63 | 4399.30 | 0.003 | 7850.29 | 8611.53 | 0.002* | |
| Widowed | 2759.70 | 2912.43 | 4336.88 | 6354.55 | |||
| Divorced/Separated | 2423.68 | 2096.14 | 3061.36 | 2103.14 | |||
| Residence++ | Others | 7850.09 | 5912.97 | 12615.98 | 8385.63 | ||
| Satellite | 4119.43 | 4185.71 | < 0.001 | 7970.16 | 17069.15 | < 0.001* | |
| Nearby towns | 2895.60 | 2820.35 | 4001.79 | 4888.22 | |||
| Municipality | 4775.33 | 3632.26 | 7170.93 | 7154.60 | |||
| Education+ | SSCE and below | 2928.46 | 2907.44 | 0.001 | 4679.72 | 5661.24 | 0.003* |
| Higher education | 4880.06 | 4405.03 | 8195.03 | 13246.21 | |||
| Employment+ | No | 4303.22 | 4974.26 | 0.308 | 9514.81 | 22834.79 | 0.380 |
| Yes | 4477.65 | 4024.93 | 6973.60 | 8221.84 | |||
| Income+ | < 100,000 | 4465.41 | 4321.17 | 0.642 | 7816.78 | 14322.40 | 0.724 |
| ≥ 100,000 | 4426.51 | 4062.79 | 6954.32 | 8825.70 | |||
| Wealth index++ | Poor | 1536.60 | 2565.42 | 2472.62 | 4963.10 | ||
| Middle | 3004.92 | 2891.83 | 0.001 | 3977.16 | 3438.24 | 0.001* | |
| Rich | 4669.53 | 4253.06 | 7840.22 | 12509.19 | |||
| Health insurance+ | No | 4917.61 | 4447.64 | 0.001 | 8315.52 | 13318.08 | 0.001* |
| Yes | 2837.48 | 2628.42 | 4334.86 | 5034.85 | |||
| Type of facility++ | Private | 6860.92 | 4662.98 | 12229.03 | 16497.49 | ||
| PPP | 3379.94 | 2810.87 | < 0.001 | 4558.79 | 4202.70 | < 0.001* | |
| Public | 2141.39 | 2315.19 | 3007.24 | 3887.46 | |||
| Comorbidity+ | No | 2612.22 | 3727.96 | 0.001 | 3909.04 | 6552.63 | 0.001* |
| Yes | 4612.56 | 4201.98 | 7731.30 | 12401.55 | |||
| TVA++ | Catheter | 4480.95 | 4285.21 | 7994.59 | 13376.86 | ||
| AVF | 4632.80 | 3531.15 | 0.656 | 5853.43 | 4603.41 | 0.774 | |
| Central line access | 4131.34 | 4484.94 | 4633.75 | 4410.92 | |||
| No of HD sessions++ | 0–3 | 3421.24 | 5653.01 | 4647.27 | 6553.31 | ||
| 4–6 | 1512.31 | 1428.17 | < 0.001 | 2158.67 | 2507.10 | < 0.001* | |
| > 6 | 5927.96 | 4023.09 | 10252.58 | 14359.22 | |||
+Mann-Whitney U test; ++Kruskal-Wallis *Significant at p-value < 0.05