Chart 2. Studies that did not achieve effective results in promoting and/or strengthening the general self-efficacy of university students, 2022 (n=4).

Study	Objective	Intervention	Strategy/Content Covered	Quality
Li et al., 2018(23) China	Review the literature on mental health promotion interventions in nursing students.	Different proposals, with varying durations and formats, conducted by a healthcare team.	Psychotherapies and behavioral strategies (mindfulness, music therapy, and physical exercises), psychoeducation (stress reduction and positive mental health).	LE: I JBI: 90,9% (LRB)
Recabarren et al., 2019(24) Sweden	Test a stress management program in university students.	Intervention group=31 and Control group=32. In-person intervention conducted in groups of 8 students, with 8 sessions of 2 hours per week, by a psychologist.	Cognitive-behavioral therapy and behavioral strategies (mindfulness and skills training). Homework exercises: yes.	LE: II JBI: 69,2% (MRB)
Farrer et al., 2019(25) Australia	Test a mental health promotion program in university students	Intervention group=102 and Control group=98. Online intervention, over a period of 6 weeks, led by a psychologist.	Cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, behavioral strategies (mindfulness, mindfulness, and skills training). Homework exercises: yes.	NE: II JBI: 76,9% (LRB)
Yang et al., 2020(26) China	. Test a program to improve health behaviors in university students.	Intervention group=263 and Control group=269. In-person intervention, conducted in 8 sessions of 2 hours per week, by a health instructor.	Health education (nutrition, sleep, physical exercises, stress reduction, and internet addiction prevention).	LE: II JBI: 61,5% (LRB)

Notes: LE: level of evidence; JBI: Joanna Briggs Institute; LRB: low risk of bias; MRB: moderate risk of bias.