Table 3.

Summary of the subgroup analysis result

Subgroups	Number of studies	Pooled prevalence		Heterogeneity
		%	95% CI	I2	P
Year of publication	20
2004–2009	6	14	1–32	97	< 0.0001
2010–2015	3	45	0–100	99	< 0.0001
2016–2021	11	54	22–85	98	< 0.0001
Weight-based	20
> 10	2	9	0–25	98	< 0.0001
4–9	4	23	12–35	94	< 0.0001
< 4	14	70	44–93	98	< 0.0001
Sample size	20
< 50	8	54	31–77	90	< 0.0001
> 50–< 100	5	75	22–100	99	< 0.0001
> 100–< 150	2	40	0–100	100	< 0.0001
> 150–< 400	3	13	0–39	99	< 0.0001
> 400	2	16	0–31	97	< 0.0001
Study quality	20
Low	4	51	11–90	91	< 0.0001
Moderate	9	58	18–96	99	< 0.0001
High	7	13	0–27	96	< 0.0001
					< 0.0001
ASEAN Country (subdivision)	20
1st ASEAN	16	26	0–56	99	< 0.0001
Other ASEAN	4	55	0–100	98	< 0.0001
Specific country	20
Malaysia	6	76	39–100	98	< 0.0001
Thailand	5	13	0–26	97	< 0.0001
Vietnam	2	98	0–100	96	< 0.0001
Singapore	1	6	0–10	–	–
Indonesia	3	46	0–100	99	< 0.0001
Cambodia	1	51	0–42	–	–
Myanmar	1	35	0–28	–	–
Philippines	1	7	0–57	–	–
Screening and confirmatory test	20
Disk diffusion	3	7	0–39	97	< 0.0001
Disk combination	6	23	0–52	99	< 0.0001
E-test	2	1	98–100	0	< 0.0001
PCR	3	67	0–100	99	< 0.0001
DDST	4	31	0–90	94	< 0.0001
Micro-dilution	1	57	42–71	–	–
Not specific	1	6	0–10	–	–