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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 8.
Published in final edited form as: Cornea Open. 2023 Sep 19;2(3):e0018. doi: 10.1097/coa.0000000000000018

Table 4. Photo-diagnosis of corneal opacity: penlight subgroups.

Data are shown for cases only, stratified by the penlight examination’s assessment of (a) size and (b) location. Controls are not included because not all the controls had photo-grades available.

Penlight examination
Sizea Location
Photo-grade Large Medium Small None Central Peripheral Missing None
Opacity 38 83 125 330 126 109 11 330
No opacity 2 6 39 447 18 23 6 447
a

Size estimated by penlight examination; categories defined as small (<3 mm), medium (3–6 mm), and large (≥6 mm).