Table 2.
Network meta-analysis [SMD (95% CI)]
| Interventions | Drug + others | Drug | rTMS + CBT | Electro-acupuncture + CBT | EEG biofeedback | rTMS | Electro-acupuncture | Exercise therapy | Group psychotherapy | Psychotherapy/CBT | MBCT | Health education |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| drug | -2.12 (-3.53,-0.70) | |||||||||||
| rTMS + CBT | 2.92 (-0.44,6.29) | 5.04 (1.39,8.69) | ||||||||||
| electro-acupuncture + CBT | -1.01 (-3.64,1.62) | 1.11 (-1.88,4.09) | -3.93 (-6.28,-1.58) | |||||||||
| EEG biofeedback | -1.35 (-4.86,2.16) | 0.77 (-3.01,4.55) | -4.27 (-7.58,-0.96) | -0.34 (-2.89,2.21) | ||||||||
| rTMS | -0.89 (-3.92,2.14) | 1.22 (-2.12,4.57) | -3.82 (-6.61,-1.02) | 0.12 (-1.72,1.96) | 0.46 (-1.81,2.72) | |||||||
| electro-acupuncture | -3.42 (-6.87,0.04) | -1.30 (-5.03,2.43) | -6.34 (-9.59,-3.09) | -2.41 (-4.89,0.07) | -2.07 (-4.88,0.74) | -2.52 (-4.71,-0.34) | ||||||
| exercise therapy | -1.54 (-4.47,1.40) | 0.58 (-2.68,3.84) | -4.46 (-7.15,-1.77) | -0.53 (-2.21,1.15) | -0.19 (-2.33,1.95) | -0.65 (-1.84,0.55) | 1.88 (-0.17,3.93) | |||||
| group psychotherapy | -1.93 (-4.84,0.97) | 0.19 (-3.05,3.42) | -4.85 (-7.51,-2.19) | -0.92 (-2.55,0.71) | -0.58 (-2.55,1.38) | -1.04 (-2.16,0.09) | 1.49 (-0.52,3.50) | -0.39 (-1.23,0.45) | ||||
| psychotherapy/CBT | -1.85 (-4.37,0.67) | 0.27 (-2.62,3.16) | -4.77 (-7.00,-2.54) | -0.84 (-1.58,-0.10) | -0.50 (-2.94,1.94) | -0.96 (-2.64,0.73) | 1.57 (-0.80,3.94) | -0.31 (-1.82,1.20) | 0.08 (-1.37,1.54) | |||
| MBCT | -2.36 (-4.74,0.03) | -0.24 (-3.01,2.53) | -5.28 (-8.16,-2.40) | -1.35 (-3.32,0.62) | -1.01 (-4.06,2.04) | -1.46 (-3.95,1.02) | 1.06 (-1.93,4.05) | -0.82 (-3.19,1.55) | -0.43 (-2.76,1.91) | -0.51 (-2.33,1.32) | ||
| health education | -4.25 (-6.34,-2.17) | -2.14 (-4.66,0.39) | -7.17 (-9.82,-4.53) | -3.24 (-4.84,-1.65) | -2.90 (-5.73,-0.08) | -3.36 (-5.56,-1.16) | -0.84 (-3.59,1.92) | -2.71 (-4.78,-0.64) | -2.32 (-4.35,-0.30) | -2.40 (-3.82,-0.99) | -1.90 (-3.05,-0.74) | |
| placebo/non-intervention | -2.26 (-3.26,-1.26) | 0.26 (-1.68,2.20) | -2.05 (-4.52,0.41) | -1.83 (-4.31,0.65) | -1.62 (-2.28,-0.95) | -1.22 (-1.74,-0.71) | -1.16 (-3.02,0.69) | -1.31 (-2.67,0.05) | -0.80 (-3.07,1.48) | 1.10 (-0.86,3.06) | -1.03 (-4.03,1.96) | 0.84 (-1.33,3.02) |