Table 3.

Absolute [wave 2 – wave 1] and relative [(wave 2 – wave 1)/(wave 1)] pairwise differences between the first and second waves of SMART2D, before and after calibration by age, sex, HOMA2-B, HOMA2-IR.

	N	Before calibration				After calibration by age, sex, HOMA2-B, HOMA2-IR				Adjusted for age, sex, HOMA2-B, HOMA2-IR
		Absolute difference median (IQR)	Absolute difference MAD (IQR)	Relative difference in % median (IQR)	p-value of difference	Absolute difference median (IQR)	Absolute difference MAD (IQR)	Relative difference in % median (IQR)	p-value of difference	Standardised stability coefficient (95% CI)
Laboratory-developed tests
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L	1655	0.6 (−1.1 to 2.4)	1.7 (0.7 to 3.3)	7.9 (−12.9 to 35.1)	<0.001	0.5 (−1.3 to 2.2)	1.7 (0.7 to 3.3)	5.8 (−14.7 to 32.4)	<0.001	0.26 (0.16 to 0.35)
HbA1c, %	1657	0.1 (−0.7 to 0.8)	0.8 (0.3 to 1.5)	1.3 (−9.0 to 11.8)	0.018	0.2 (−0.6 to 0.9)	0.8 (0.3 to 1.5)	2.4 (−7.9 to 13.0)	<0.001	0.38 (0.29 to 0.47)
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	1655	−0.09 (−0.60 to 0.43)	0.52 (0.25 to 0.98)	−2.3 (−13.1 to 10.7)	0.001	0.07 (−0.44 to 0.62)	0.52 (0.25 to 1.00)	1.6 (−9.7 to 15.1)	0.001	0.45 (0.37 to 0.53)
High density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L	1656	0.00 (−0.12 to 0.13)	0.13 (0.06 to 0.23)	0.0 (−9.5 to 11.2)	0.940	−0.02 (−0.14 to 0.11)	0.13 (0.06 to 0.23)	−1.7 (−11.1 to 9.4)	<0.001	0.58 (0.52 to 0.63)
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L	1657	−0.04 (−0.50 to 0.40)	0.45 (0.19 to 0.90)	−1.7 (−18.1 to 17.0)	0.023	0.09 (−0.39 to 0.55)	0.47 (0.20 to 0.91)	3.5 (−13.7 to 23.2)	<0.001	0.40 (0.32 to 0.48)
Triglyceride, mmol/L	1656	−0.02 (−0.37 to 0.34)	0.36 (0.15 to 0.73)	−1.7 (−23.9 to 28.0)	0.237	0.08 (−0.26 to 0.48)	0.37 (0.16 to 0.77)	6.8 (−17.3 to 39.1)	<0.001	0.44 (0.33 to 0.56)
Creatinine, umol/L	1654	2 (−4 to 13)	7 (3 to 16)	3.9 (−5.4 to 17.4)	<0.001	0 (−7 to 9)	7 (3 to 16)	−0.7 (−9.6 to 12.3)	0.090	0.87 (0.77 to 0.98)
Clinical measurements
Heart rate, bpm	1651	−1 (−7 to 5)	6 (3 to 11)	−1.4 (−9.5 to 8.1)	0.001	1 (−5 to 7)	6 (3 to 11)	1.2 (−7.2 to 10.9)	0.002	0.50 (0.42 to 0.58)
Pulse wave velocity, m/s	1617	0.5 (−1.1 to 2.2)	1.7 (0.7 to 3.0)	5.6 (−11.5 to 25.8)	<0.001	0.4 (−1.3 to 2.0)	1.7 (0.7 to 3.0)	3.9 (−12.9 to 23.8)	<0.001	0.39 (0.29 to 0.48)
Augmentation index, %	1623	1 (−5 to 7)	6 (3 to 11)	0.0 (−18.2 to 30.0)	0.006	1.5 (−4.4 to 7.4)	5.9 (2.8 to 10.7)	2.7 (−16.0 to 33.5)	<0.001	0.38 (0.30 to 0.46)
Aortic systolic blood pressure, mmHg	1514	2 (−8 to 12)	10 (5 to 19)	1.8 (−5.9 to 10.2)	<0.001	5 (−6 to 15)	10 (5 to 19)	3.8 (−4.1 to 12.3)	<0.001	0.47 (0.39 to 0.56)
Aortic diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	1514	−1 (−7 to 5)	6 (3 to 10)	−1.1 (−8.1 to 6.9)	0.018	1 (−5 to 7)	6 (3 to 10)	1.4 (−5.8 to 9.7)	<0.001	0.45 (0.37 to 0.54)
Aortic mean blood pressure, mmHg	1514	1 (−7 to 8)	7 (3 to 13)	0.8 (−6.9 to 8.1)	0.150	2 (−6 to 9)	7 (3 to 13)	2.3 (−5.6 to 9.7)	<0.001	0.49 (0.41 to 0.57)
Skeletal muscle mass, kg	1413	−0.6 (−1.5 to 0.5)	1.0 (0.4 to 2.0)	−2.4 (−5.9 to 2.1)	<0.001	−0.5 (−1.5 to 0.6)	1.0 (0.4 to 2.0)	−2.0 (−5.5 to 2.4)	<0.001	0.82 (0.77 to 0.87)
Visceral fat area, cm2	1413	−2.4 (−18.2 to 13.4)	15.8 (7.4 to 29.4)	−1.6 (−13.8 to 10.5)	0.001	8.7 (−8.7 to 25.3)	17.0 (8.2 to 31.0)	6.6 (−6.5 to 19.8)	<0.001	0.73 (0.67 to 0.79)
Fat, kg	1413	−0.1 (−2.3 to 2.1)	2.2 (1.0 to 4.3)	−0.2 (−8.9 to 9.4)	0.556	1.0 (−1.4 to 3.2)	2.3 (1.0 to 4.4)	3.6 (−5.4 to 13.6)	<0.001	0.80 (0.75 to 0.85)
Extracellular water, kg	1413	−0.2 (−0.7 to 0.3)	0.5 (0.2 to 0.9)	−1.8 (−5.0 to 2.2)	<0.001	−0.1 (−0.6 to 0.4)	0.5 (0.2 to 0.9)	−1.1 (−4.4 to 2.9)	<0.001	0.78 (0.73 to 0.83)

BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; IQR, inter-quartile range; MAD, median absolute deviation; WHR, waist-hip ratio.

p-values <0.05, denoting statistical significance, were shown in bold.