Table 2.
Summary of the treatment schemes, light fluence rate (ϕ), in vivo photosensitizer concentration ([S0]), tumor oxygen concentration ([3O2]), and treatment efficacies for each PDT group.
| Groups | # of Mice |
Treatment Schemes |
In-Air Fluence Rate ‡ (mW/cm2) |
[3O2]0
# (μM) |
[S0]0
# (μM) |
[S0]end
## (μM) |
PDT Dose * (μMJ/cm2) |
Mean [ROS]rx,cal (mM) |
Mean [ROS]rx (mM) |
LCR ** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 5 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 1 | 8 | 400 s + 1400 s | 74.4 ± 2.9 | 48.4 ± 9.1 | 4.9 ± 1.3 | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 401.6 ± 103.2 | 0.89 ± 0.19 | 0.80 ± 0.24 | 0.25 ± 0.12 |
| 2 | 8 | 600 s + 1200 s | 73.5 ± 3.2 | 30.8 ± 5.6 | 5.2 ± 1.9 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 329.9 ± 83.2 | 0.68 ± 0.15 | 0.78 ± 0.19 | 0.25 ± 0.12 |
| 3 | 8 | 800 s + 1000 s | 75.5 ± 2.8 | 58.4 ± 12.4 | 4.9 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 328.2 ± 117.3 | 0.81 ± 0.18 | 0.82 ± 0.22 | 0.63 ± 0.12 |
| 4 | 7 | 1000 s + 800 s | 76.0 ± 3.0 | 47.3 ± 7.5 | 6.2 ± 2.3 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 467.1 ± 73.5 | 0.96 ± 0.26 | 0.81 ± 0.29 | 0.57 ± 0.14 |
| 5 | 5 | 1200 s + 600 s | 75.8 ± 1.7 | 51.0 ± 10.4 | 7.1 ± 2.9 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 475.1 ± 92.6 | 0.97 ± 0.25 | 0.80 ± 0.26 | 0.40 ± 0.20 |
| 6 | 10 | 1800 s | 74.2 ± 2.6 | 57.4 ± 15.2 | 4.9 ± 2.0 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 317.5 ± 56.2 | 0.79 ± 0.24 | 0.71 ± 0.30 | 0.20 ± 0.10 |
| 7 | 7 | 800 s + 1600 s | 77.1 ± 2.8 | 52.7 ± 9.8 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 315.6 ± 93.4 | 0.82 ± 0.18 | 0.96 ± 0.22 | 0.43 ± 0.14 |
| 8 | 7 | 1000 s + 1400 s | 72.6 ± 3.1 | 50.6 ± 12.4 | 4.0 ± 1.6 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 339.0 ± 101.3 | 0.95 ± 0.14 | 0.94 ± 0.21 | 0.86 ± 0.14 |
| 9 | 8 | 1200 s + 1200 s | 73.8 ± 3.3 | 46.8 ± 10.2 | 3.6 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 403.1 ± 73.1 | 0.86 ± 0.17 | 0.92 ± 0.19 | 0.63 ± 0.12 |
| 10 | 7 | 1400 s + 1000 s | 74.1 ± 1.5 | 33.4 ± 8.9 | 4.6 ± 2.1 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 409.4 ± 83.6 | 0.88 ± 0.21 | 0.92 ± 0.27 | 0.57 ± 0.14 |
| 11 | 12 | 2400 s | 75.3 ± 2.0 | 42.0 ± 7.3 | 3.8 ± 1.7 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 348.7 ± 38.5 | 0.83 ± 0.11 | 0.91 ± 0.20 | 0.25 ± 0.08 |
| 12 | 3 | 1400 s + 1600 s | 74.6 ± 1.1 | 49.0 ± 5.3 | 6.2 ± 2.2 | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 705.9 ± 228.3 | 1.50 ± 0.10 | 1.15 ± 0.13 | 1.0 ± 0.3 *** |
| 13 | 2 | 3000 s | 75.3 ± 0.9 | 39.9 ± 3.6 | 4.1 ± 1.5 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 508.0 ± 198.8 | 1.15 ± 0.13 | 1.07 ± 0.15 | 0.50 ± 0.50 |
‡ The measured mean light fluence rate in-air at the same height of the tumor surface. # The measured Photofrin and ground state oxygen concentrations prior to PDT. ## The measured Photofrin after PDT is completed. * Calculation based on light fluence at a 3 mm depth, determined using the measured in-air light fluence rate, the mean tissue optical properties: μa = 0.9 cm−1 and μs′ = 8.4 cm−1, and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation [14]. ** Local control rate at 90 days accessed based on V ≤ 100 mm3. *** High toxicity observed. Discontinued even though high LCR.