Figure 11.

Left latero-lateral radiographic projection showing the first and second ribs, obtained in a 3-year-old warmblood mare. C7 has a normal shape, as does T1 with first ribs and T2 with second ribs. The spinous process of C7 is not clearly visible, most likely because it is absent. The spinous process of T1 has medium height but is not completely visible. White arrow shows the measurement of the height of the cranial aspect of the vertebral body of T1 used as a reference for the grading classification. Head of the horse is to the left. Note that the superimposed first ribs are wider than the second ribs, reflecting the normal shape of these ribs.