Table 3.
MANOVA Output for Role Overload, Mental Distress, and Quality of Life Based on Their Demographic Characteristics
| Variables | Role Overload | Depression | Anxiety | Stress | Physical Quality of Life | Psychological Quality of Life |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean±SD | Mean SD | Mean SD | Mean SD | Mean SD | Mean SD | |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 3.43±1.08 | 15.01±9.29 | 14.99±8.77 | 18.73±8.44 | 52.71±17.55 | 52.18±18.50 |
| Never married | 3.41±1.09 | 15.88±9.45 | 15.45±8.96 | 19.73±8.97 | 53.67±14.61 | 50.24±17.02 |
| Widowed | 3.23±1.04 | 12.85±5.48 | 13.15±6.96 | 18.91±6.84 | 58.61±15.38 | 55.36±16.55 |
| Test values | F=0.480 p=0.617 |
F=1.552 p=0.213 |
F=0.937 p=0.393 |
F=0.633 p=0.531 |
F=1.875 p=155 |
F=1.273 p=0.281 |
| Caregiving for older person | ||||||
| No | 314±0.91 | 14.34±8.91 | 14.28±8.72 | 18.14±8.74 | 55.41±16.30 | 53.57±17.43 |
| Yes | 3.66±1.1 | 15.90±9.27 | 15.67± 8.67 | 19.99±8.22 | 51.79±16.38 | 50.04±18.09 |
| Test values | F=24.845 | F=2.998 | F=2.629 | 4.898 | 5.046 | 4.053 |
| p<0.001 | p=0.084 | p=0.106 | p=0.027 | p=0.025 | p=0.045 | |
| Healthcare profession | ||||||
| Medical doctor | 3.92±1.1a | 15.67±8.50 | 15.91±8.64 | 21.42±8.39 a | 49.35±15.92 a | 51.73±17.953 |
| Pharmacists | 2.90±1.06b | 14.95±8.16 | 15.22±8.49 | 16.11±7.72b | 57.17±15.66b | 52.69±16.646 |
| Nurses | 3.33±1.04c | 14.91±9.97 | 14.29±8.85 | 19.05±8.78c | 54.49±15.95c | 51.26±18.407 |
| Test values | F=26.067 P<0.001 |
F=0.297 p=0.744 |
F=1.342 p=0.263 |
F=10.797 p<0.001 |
F=7.247 p<0.001 |
F=0.203 p=0.816 |
| Tukey (ab) p<0.001 (bc) p=0.039 |
Tukey (ab) p<0.001 (ac) p= 0.038 (bc) p= 015 |
Tukey (ab) p<0.001 (ac) p=0.013 (bc) p=0.371 |
||||
| Presence of chronic illness | ||||||
| No | 3.45±1.00 | 14.49±7.07 | 15.21±8.68 | 18.57±8.44 | 55.66±14.59 | 52.66±15.62 |
| Yes | 3.39±1.11 | 16.91±6.97 | 14.93±8.74 | 20.55±8.17 | 47.84±15.50 | 49.26±16.20 |
| Test values | F=218 | F=5.856 | F=0.089 | F=3.920 | F=60.996 | F= 11.56 |
| p=641 | p=0.002 | p=766 | p=0.033 | p<0.001 | p= 0.046 | |
| Number of individual roles | ||||||
| One role (employment only) | 2.96±1.11a | 14.08±8.23 | 12.09±7.0 a | 16.17±8.56 a | 57.98±15.46 a | 54.71±13.12a |
| Two roles (employed and marital role) | 3.49±1.06b | 15.19±8.17 | 15.10±7.10b | 19.36±8.77 b | 51.91±16.55 b | 50.51±14.09b |
| Two roles (employment and family caregiver) | 3.781.06c | 16.17±8.57 | 17.8±7.38c | 21.8±7.68 c | 50.37±16.52 c | 49.74±14.21c |
| Test values | F=22.08 p<0.001 |
F=2.348 p=0.096 |
F=23.560 p<0.001 |
F=17.23 p<0.001 |
F=9.0712 p<0.001 |
F=5.466 p=0.004 |
| Tukey ab p<0.001 ac p<0.001 bc p=0.078 |
Tukey (ab) p=0.002 (ac) p<0.001 (bc) p=0.007 |
Tukey (ab) p=0.006 (ac) p<0.001 (bc) p=0.048 |
Tukey (ab) p=0.007 (ac) p<0.001 (bc) p=0.723 |
Tukey (ab) p= 0.040 (ac) p= 0.005 (bc) p=0.895 |
||
| Working hours/week | ||||||
| Less 32 hours | 3.62±1.08 | 14.85±8.81 | 14.44±8.77 | 16.65±7.32 | 56.62±17.17 | 50.88±17.92 |
| 33–40 hours | 3.32±1.06 | 14.65±8.40 | 14.86±8.20 | 18.28±7.96 | 54.29±16.98 | 51.30±17.26 |
| >40 hours | 3.45±1.12 | 16.36±10.58 | 15.66±9.66 | 22.39±8.01 | 49.99±17.10 | 53.18±18.10 |
| Test values | F= 2.922 | F= 0.500 | F= 1.361 | F=14.574 | F=3.840 | F= 0.616 |
| p= 0.102 | p= 0.607 | p= 0.258 | P<0.001 | p=0.022 | p= 0.540 | |
| Tukey (ab) p=0.273 (ac) p<0.001 (bc) p<0.001 |
Tukey (ab) p=0.567 (ac) p= 0.027 (bc) p=0.075 |
Notes: Tukey post hoc test for pairwise comparisons Medical doctora, Pharmacistsb, Nursesc.