Table 3.
List of studies investigating the utility of ChatGPT and Google Bard across various contexts of medicine and healthcare.
| First Author | Year of Publication | LLMs | Domain | Questions (n) | Reviewers (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Ashwal FY (25) | 2023 | ChatGPT - Google Bard - Bing AI | Drug-drug interactions | 225 [OE] | NA |
| Dhanvijay AK (24) | 2023 | ChatGPT - Google Bard - Bing AI | Physiology | 77 [OE] | 2 |
| Seth I (22) | 2023 | ChatGPT - Google Bard - Bing AI | Rhinoplasty | 6 [OE] | 3 |
| Koga S (29) | 2023 | ChatGPT - Google Bard | Neurodegenerative disorder | 25 [OE] | NA |
| Kumari A (30) | 2023 | ChatGPT - Google Bard | Hematology | 50 [OE] | 3 |
| Lim ZW (31) | 2023 | ChatGPT - Google Bard | Myopia | 31 [OE] | 3 |
| Meo SA (32) | 2023 | ChatGPT - Google Bard | Endocrinology, diabetes, and diabetes technology | 100 [MC] | - |
| Toyama Y (33) | 2023 | ChatGPT - Google Bard | Radiology | 103 [MC] | 3 |
| Waisberg E (34) | 2023 | ChatGPT - Google Bard | Ophthalmology | NA | 4 |
| Zuniga Salazar G (23) | 2023 | ChatGPT - Google Bard - Bing AI | Emergency | 176 [OE] | NA |
Abbreviations: Multiple choice (MC); Not available (NA); Open-ended (OE).